ACTIVE & PASSIVE FORM

ACTIVE
Simple Present S + V1 + O S + do/does + not + V1 + O Do/does + S + V1 + O? My father writes a letter My father does not write a letter Does my father write a letter? Simple Past S + V2 + O S + did + not + V1 + O Did + s + V + O? My father wrote a letter My father did not write a letter Did my father write a letter?

PASSIVE
Simple Present ..+ is/am/are + V3 + by +. ..+ is/am/are + not + V3 + by + Is/am/are + + V3 + by + .? A letter is written by my father A letter is not written by my father Is a letter written by my father? Simple Past .+ was/were + V3 + by + . .+ was/were + not + V3 + by + . Was/were + . + V3 + by + ..? A letter was written by my father A letter was not written by my father Was a letter written by my father?

ACTIVE Present Continuous S + is/am/are + Ving + O S + is/am/are + not + Ving + O Is/am/are + S + Ving + O? My father is writing a letter My father is not writing a letter Is my father writing a letter? Past Continuous S + was/were + Ving + O S + was/were + not + Ving + O Was/were + S + Ving + O? My father was writing a letter My father was not writing a letter Was my father writing a letter?

PASSIVE Present Continuous + is/am/are + being + V3 + by +.. + is/am/are + not + being + V3 + by + Is/am/are+.+ being+ V3 + by + .? A letter is being written by my father A letter is not being written by my father Is a letter being written by my father? Past Continuous +was/were + being + V3 + by + +was/were+not+being+V3+by+ ... Was/were+.+ being+V3+by+.? A letter was being written by my father A letter was not being written by my father Was a letter being written by my father?

ACTIVE Present Perfect S + has/have + V3 + O S + has/have + not + V3 + O Has/have + S + V3 + O? My father has written a letter My father hasnt written a letter Has my father written a letter? Past Perfect S + had + V3 + O S + had + not + V3 + O Had + S + V3 + O ? My father had written a letter My father hadnt written a letter Had my father written a letter?

PASSIVE Present Perfect .+ has/have + been + V3 + by + . .+ has/have+ not+been+V3+ by+ Has/have+ .+ been + V3 + by + . A letter has been written by my father A letter hasnt been written by my father Has a letter been written by my father? Past Perfect . + had + been + V3 + by + .. .+had + not + been + V3 + by + . Had + . + been + V3 + by + . A letter had been written by my father A letter hadnt been written by myfather Had a letter been written by my father?

ACTIVE Future & Past Future S + modals + V1 + O S + modals + not + V1 + O Modals + S + V1 + O ? My father will write a letter My father would write a letter My father will not write a letter My father wouldnt write a letter Will my father write a letter? Would my father write a letter?

PASSIVE Future & Past Future .+ modals+ be+ V3+ by + . .+ modals+ not+ be+ V3+ by+ Modals+ .+ be+ V3+ by+ .? A letter will be written by my father A letter would be written by my father A letter will not be written by my father A letter wouldnt be written by my father Will a letter be written by my father? would a letter be written by my father?

ACTIVE
Past Future Perfect S + modals + have + V3 + O S + modals+ not+ have+ V3+ O Modals+ S+ have+ V3+ O? My father would have written a letter My father would not have written a letter Would my father have written a letter?

PASSIVE
Past Future Perfect + modals+have+ been+V3+ by+ .+ modals+ not+ been+V3+ by+ Modals+. + have+ been+ V3+ by+ .? A letter would have been written by my father A letter would not have been written by my father Would a letter have been written by my father?

 Note: if the doer (someone, somebody, someone, somebody, etc) is as a subject in active so in the passive the doer like that is not necessary to write. e.g. Someone has stolen my phone cell in a train. My phone cell has been stolen in a train.

Exercise 1. John is calling the other members 2. Should these contracts be signed by the manager? 3. The fire has caused considerable damage 4. Thirty houses were not destroyed by the tornado 5. The company orders some new equipment 6. The president should have been called this morning.