.

Suggested Reading:

1. Margaret P. Karns. (2005). International Organizations. New Delhi: Viva Books Private Limited 2. Joseph S. Nye Jr. (2000). Governance in a Globalizing World. Washington: Brookings Institution Press 3. P. J. Simmons, ed. (2001). Managing Global Issues: Lessons Learned. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace .

What are the Nations of the World doing jointly?

What are the NGOs trying to achieve?

Basic Questions:

1.What characterized the Cold War? 2.What changes have occurred at global level since

1990? 3.What reforms in modes of international cooperation are called for by global changes? 4.Who are the actors involved in reforms in modes of international cooperation? 5.What are the pieces of Global Governance? .

6. What are the functions of Intergovernmental Organizations? 7. What are the theoretical foundations of Global Governance? 8. What is the structure and functions of United Nations? 9. What is the structure and functions of Regional Organizations? 10. What is the structure and functions of NGOs? 11. What is being done about human rights? 12. What is being done about environment? .

What characterized the Cold War? .

Sheer and senseless violence!

Country Russia Warheads 12,000 Country United States Warheads 9,400

Britain
China India Israel North Korea

225
240 60-80 60-80 < 10

France
Israel Pakistan

300
60-80 70-90

Total

22,400

When Cold War ended, some writers suggested that history itself was at an end with the triumph of liberal capitalism (Fukuyama 1989: The End of History) suggesting the end of ideological competition. But those high expectations have not borne out. What we have instead is the self-fulfilling prophesy of Prof. Samuel P. Huntington with unilateral interventions on the one hand and the worst form of terrorism on the other hand. The end of Cold War neither produced peace nor stability. It is about time we stated working towards that !

What changes have occurred at global level since 1990?

1.More trade, some of it between old rivals 2.Lowering of trade barriers and tariffs 3.(Some nations suffer) 4.Strengthening of WTO 5.Emergence of regional organizations 6.Increased cooperation between nations 7.Increased competition between nations 8.Increase interdependence among nations

9.Less wars between democracies

10.More wars between North and South

Why does the world need peace and stability?

1.To develop Third World nations 2.To make benefitsof technology available to masses

i.e. improve quality of life for all dwellers of the Planet 3.To save man from slavery of man (human rights) 4.To protect the Planet from impending environmental disaster

What is Global Governance? The sum of the many ways individuals and institutions, public and private, manage their common affairs. It is a continuing process through which conflicting or diverse interests may be accommodated and cooperative action may be taken. It includes formal as well as informal arrangements that people and institutions have agreed to or perceived to be in their interests (Commission on Global Governance 1995:2) http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/1957.pdf

What are the pieces of Global Governance?

1.International rules or laws 2.Norms or soft Law (human rights, labour rights,

conventions on climate change, biodiversity) 3.Structures, formal and informal 4.IGOs, Regional Orgs, Military Alliances, International Courts, Global conferences, Group of 8, NGOs, Multinationals, Ad-hoc conference on Landmines Treaty 5.International Regimes (decision-making structures for a given problem such as nuclear proliferation)

How are the IGOs classified? By Geographic Scope: Global: e.g. UN, WTO, WHO Regional: e.g. ASEAN, EU, AU Sub-regional: e.g. Gulf Cooperation Council (vis--vis OIC / Arab League) By Purpose: General: e.g. UN, OAS Specialized: e.g. WHO, WTO, UNICEF, ILO

What are the Functions of IGOs? Information gathering, analyzing and disseminating Providing forums for exchange of views Defining standards or norms of behavior Drafting rules and treaties Allocating resources, providing technical assistance, and relief Deploying military forces

What are the roles of NGOs? NGOs are private voluntary organizations of individuals or associations that come together for a common purpose, or, to advocate a common purpose (human rights, peace, environment, etc.). Examples:

Oxfam Medicin Sans Frontier

What are International Regimes? International Regimes are decision-making structures for a given problem such as nuclear proliferation, air pollution, food aid, trade, telecommunications and transportation. Working across international boundaries, principles, norms, rules and decisionmaking procedures are linked to one-another. States are expected to comply and settle disputes accordingly.

Who are the actors in Global Governance?

1.States, the principle actors 2.IGOs 3.NGOs 4.Experts 5.Global Policy Networks e.g. Anti-terrorism protocols 6.Multinational Corporations (MNCs), e.g. Chevron

Texaco

What are the Issues in Global Governance? Who gets what? (e.g. burning of coal for energy) Legitimacy (e.g. UN General assembly vs. Security Council or US and Pakistan not signing NPT or landmines Ottawa Treaty) Accountability (e.g. Cross-border terrorism) Effectiveness (measuring success and failure)

Case: The International Campaign to Ban Landmines The use of land mines is controversial because they are indiscriminate weapons, harming soldier and civilian alike. They remain dangerous after the conflict in which they were deployed has ended, killing and injuring civilians and rendering land impassable and unusable for decades. To make matters worse, many factions have not kept accurate records (or any at all) of the exact locations of their minefields, making removal efforts painstakingly slow. These facts pose serious difficulties in many developing nations where the presence of mines hampers resettlement, agriculture, and tourism.

The International Campaign to Ban Landmines campaigned successfully to prohibit their use, culminating in the 1997 Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction, known informally as the Ottawa Treaty. The Ottawa Treaty (Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of AntiPersonnel Mines and on their Destruction) came into force on March 1, 1999.

Landmines

ASSIGNMENT Write a one-pager on any one global issue that you consider important. How can the issue be addressed? Submission: Thursday 15 September, 2011 at 1600 hrs Marks: 2

STUDENTS SEMINAR Write a three-pager on any one of the UN agencies / bodies / organizations. How can Pakistan benefit from its programmes?

Seminar date: Thursday ?? October, 2011 at 1600 hrs

Marks: 10