: INTRODUCTION

: BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT

. Water which is taken by the ship for the stability purpose is called BALLAST WATER . . To maintain the load line , when the ship is unloading the cargo, sea water (ballast water) is taken into the ships ballast tanks (ballasting). . During loading condition ,the ballast water will be pumped out from the ship (reballasting), to maintain the load line, this system is called ballast water system . . Due to this ship transfer millions of tons of ballast water from one place to another world wide .

BALLASTING AND REBELLASTING

: PROBLEMS FACING DUE TO BALLAST WATER SYSTEM

. It is estimated that about 10 billion tonnes of ballast water is transferred each year . .This water also takes many aquatic organisms, which includes microscopic toxic aquatic plants and pathogens into the receiving water . . Thus the introduction of this nonindigenous aquatic organism will disturb the marine environment and cause impact on port,esturates, and other resources of the state as well as other parts of the world . . This also cause the spreading of disease bacteria, and also disturb the local ecosystem .

: METHODS TO PREVENT IMO and WHO are both concerned about the methods to control the problem due to ballast water exchange . For that IMO had implemented the BALLAST WATER TREATMENT methods . Ballast water treatment includes, killing (or inactivating ) or removing/ replacing the targeted organisms .

TARGETED SPECIES
Mediterranean fanworm . European shore crab .

 Sea Lampreys

. Dinoflagellate

Clubbed Tunicate .

Rusty Crayfish .

: BALLAST WATER TREATMENT .

. It is the process of removal or killing of nonindigenous species in the ballast water . . By this we can remove about 75% of the pathogens from ballast water . . By this way we can reduce the pollution due to ballast exchange .

:TYPE OF BALLAST WATER TREATEMENT .

:1, ONSHORE TERATMENT
This type of treatment is organized by the port, that have a limited number of dedicated ship visits, or allow only small amount of ballast water to discharge from all ships .

:2, BIOCIDES
In this type ,biocide will be added to the ballast water . Because of the biocide action ,the species will be inactivated .Because of the presence of chemicals in discharge water this type is not in use now ac days .

:3, HEAT TREATMENT

In this method the ballast water is heated up to certain level, by use of heat sources like boiler, main engine ect .Normally this type of treatment is seen in many ships .

:4, ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

In this method high power UV light (about 2.5kw) is used for this method .because of the radiation effect here the aquatic organism are killed .

:5, MAGNETIC TREATMENT

:6,OZONE In this method by use of ozone ,the oxidation and destruction of the cell wall of organism is done .More care must be taken during this method ,and further investigation is needed . :7, BALLAST TANK COATING Anti-fouling coat application inside ballast would probably prevent benthic organisms from attaching to the tank s surface but would not affect organisms with in water column .

: WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM APPLIED ON BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT .

In this process ,heat would be used to elevate the temperature of ballast water to the level necessary to kill all un wanted aquatic organisms .
:The EXHAUST GASES ,from operation of diesel engine and the use of ENGINE COOLING WATER during voyage had been proposed as source of heat . : By this way we can effectively use the wasting heat .

.Also we can flesh the cooling sea water into the ballast tank with a over flow line . . Here the sea water temperature is about 42 degree c . . As per tests 35 c is only required, for 30 minutes to kill ,almost all aquatic organisms in the than .

MODEL DIAGRAM

: line diagram of waste hear recovery system used in ballast water management

: SURVIVAL TEMPERATURE OF SPECIES.

.Mediterranean fanworm .
30 degree c for 4 hours .
. European shore crab . 26 degree c for 4 hours . .Asian bivalve . 32 degree c for 4 hours . .Dinoflagellate . 38 degree c for 4 hours .

: SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS .
.The waste heat recovery system applied on
ballast water management requires the following. 1.HEAT EXCHANGER . 2.PUMP . 3. PIPE LINE . 4. BALLAST TANKS .

1,HEAT EXCHANGER .

.It is a device used for effective heat transfer from one

medium to another . .In this the two medium ( here water), are separated by a solid wall so that never mix . . In ship , mainly there are two types they are ,

1, shell and tube heat exchanger . 2, plate type heat exchanger .

1. Shell type heat exchanger . . It consist of a big shell and a number of tubes inside .
.In this the tube contain the heating ballast water ,and out of the tube (shell) contain the heated water out after engine cooling . . Heat exchange takes place through the tube surface .

2 .Plate type heat exchanger .

Here the heat exchange takes place between the plates of the system .

3:CENTRIFUGAL PUMP . A pump is a device used to move gas or a liquid from high pressure to low pressure .Here we are centrifugal type normally because to obtain high capacity .

: Ballast tanks .
. A ballast tank is a compartment with in a ship, that hold water . .A ship may have single ballast tank or multi ballast tank . .Some ships having double bottom tanks, wing tanks ,forepeak ,aft peak tank as ballast tanks .

CONCULSION
.TO PREVENT POLLUTION BY BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE,
EVERY SHIP MUST HAVE ABALLAST WATER TREATEMENT SYSTEM. : AND THE PROCESS OF HEATING /FLUSHING WATER FROM MAIN ENEINE JACKET WATER COOLING CIRCUIT IS MOST EFFECTIVE(UP TO 90%) ,AND VERY MUCH ECONOMICAL THAN ALL OTHER METHOD S . :ALSO THERMAL LOSS CAN BE AFFECTIVELY REDUCED BY ANALYSING THE TANKS

Thank you !!!!!!!!!