Desarrollo sistema faringeo -

respiratorio
m.c. Roberto Pahuacho Díaz
 Primitive Pharynx

• 5 ridges appear 2 3 4, 6
1
• called pharyngeal
arches
• 1, 2, 3, 4, 5(6)
Cada arco faringeo esta formado por:
-Cartílago
-Arco aortico
-Nervio craneal
-mesenquima

1st pouch artery

1st arch
2nd arch nerve 1st cleft
3rd arch
cartilage
4th arch
 First Pharyngeal Arch

• First arch develops

into 4 prominences:
– Two maxillary
prominences
– Two mandibular
prominences
 Development of the
External Auditory Meatus
■FirstPharyngeal Cleft gives rise to the external
auditory meatus.
■1st and 2nd arches give rise to external ear

1st pouch
1st arch
external auditory
2 arch
nd

auditory tube
3rd arch
meatus
4th arch
 Cervical sinus
• The region between the 2nd arch and
the 3rd, 4th and 6th arches is called the
cervical sinus.

1st pouch
1st arch
cervical external auditory
2 arch
nd
sinus auditory tube
3rd arch
meatus
4th arch
 Ectoderm
• 1st Arch
– skin over maxilla, mandible, some around
the ear and external auditory meatus
– salivary glands
– enamel of teeth
– epithelium of buccal cavity
– epithelium over anterior body of the tongue
 Ectoderm
• Second Arch
– epithelium over part of external auditory
meatus
– some epithelium behind the ear
 Ectoderm
• Third Arch
– epithelium around the ear
• Fourth Arch
– epithelium around the ear
 Development of the Tongue
• Tongue develops where the stomodeum
and pharynx meet.
lingual tuberculum
swelling impar artery
1st arch 1st cleft
2nd arch
cartilage
3 arch
rd

4th arch
hypobranchial
eminence

epiglottal
swelling
 Development of the Tongue
• Lingual swellings and tuberculum impar
develop from the first arch.

lingual tuberculum
swelling impar artery
1st arch 1st cleft
2nd arch
cartilage
3 arch
rd

4th arch
hypobranchial
eminence

epiglottal
swelling
 Development of the Tongue
• Epiglottic swellings develop at the level of
the 4th arch.

lingual tuberculum
swelling impar artery
1st arch 1st cleft
2nd arch
cartilage
3 arch
rd

4th arch
hypobranchial
eminence

epiglottal
swelling
 Development of the Tongue
■ Lateral lingual
swellings from
first arch give rise
to mucosa of
anterior 2/3 of the
tongue. Foramen
Cecum
 Development of the Tongue
• Hypobranchial
eminence mostly
from 3rd arch
gives rise to the
posterior 1/3 of
the tongue.
 Development of the Tongue
• The epiglottis
and the most
posterior part of
the tongue are
derived from the
4th arch.
 Development of the Tongue
• Note that there is
little if any
contribution from
the 2nd arch.
 Tongue Musculature
• Myoblasts from
occipital somites
give rise to most
of the tongue
muscles and are
innervated by the
hypoglossal
nerve.
 Development of Tongue Summary
Embryonic Developmental Adult Organ Nerve
Tissue Intermediate

First Arch Lingual swellings Mucosa of Anterior 2/3 of CN V

Tongue
Second Arch Hypobranchial -
Eminence
Third Arch Hypobranchial Mucosa of Posterior 1/3 of CN IX
Eminence Tongue
Fourth Arch Hypobranchial Mucosa of the most CN X
Eminence posterior tongue and
epiglottis
Occipital Tongue Muscles CN XII
Somites
 Development of the Thyroid
• The thyroid develops as a diverticulum from the
foramen cecum.
• Foramen cecum is located between the tuberculum
impar and the hypobranchial eminence.
lingual tuberculum
swelling impar artery
1st arch 1st cleft
2nd arch
cartilage
3 arch
rd

4th arch
hypobranchial
eminence
epiglottal Foramen
swelling Cecum
 Development of the Thyroid
• The thyroid develops as a diverticulum from
the foramen cecum.
• Foramen cecum is located between the
tuberculum impar and the hypobranchial
eminence. lingual tuberculum
swelling impar artery
1 arch
st
1st cleft
2nd arch
cartilage
3 arch
rd

4th arch
hypobranchial
eminence
epiglottal Foramen
swelling Cecum
 Development of the Thyroid
• The thyroid develops as a diverticulum from the
foramen cecum.
• Foramen cecum is located between the tuberculum
impar and the hypobranchial eminence.
lingual tuberculum
swelling impar artery
1st arch 1st cleft
2nd arch
cartilage
3 arch
rd

4th arch
hypobranchial
eminence
epiglottal Foramen
swelling Cecum
 Development of the Thyroid
• The thyroid
descends in
front of the
pharynx.

Thryoglossal Duct
 Development of the Thyroid
• The thyroid gland
remains in contact
with the pharynx for
a period of time by
a narrow duct called
the thyroglossal
duct.

Thryoglossal Duct
 Development of the Thyroid
• Path of
migration of
the thyroid.

Thyroid gland
 Development of the
Tonsils
• Second pouch endoderm and mesoderm gives
rise to:
• Palatine tonsillar fossa.
• Secondarily lymphatic tissue is incorporated into the
pouch.

1st pouch
2nd pouch
3rd pouch
4th (5th?)
pouch
 Development of the
Thymus
• Endoderm of the third pouch proliferates and
gives rise to the thymus during week 4.
• First start as endodermal tubes.
• This tissue envades the mesoderm.
1st pouch
2nd pouch
3rd pouch

4th (5th?)
pouch
 Development of the Thymus
• Thymic tissue then loses connection
with the pharynx.
• Thymus descends during weeks 4 - 7.

1st pouch
2nd pouch
3rd pouch

4th (5th?)
pouch
 Development of the Thymus
• Thymus reticular
epithelium is
derived from
endoderm.
• Hassal’s
corpuscles Thyroid
develop from 3rd
cleft ectoderm.
• Lymphoid tissue Thymus
infiltrates later.
 Development of the
Parathyroids
• Inferior parathyroids develop from the
third pouch at week 5.
• Detach from pharynx and descend.

1st pouch
2nd pouch
3rd pouch

4th (5th?)
pouch
 Development of the
Parathyroids
• End up at the
inferior pole of
the dorsum of
the thyroid by
week 7.

Inferior
parathyroids
 Development of the
Parathyroids
• Superior parathyroids develop from the
fourth pouch at week 5.
• Detach from pharynx and descend.
 Development of the
Parathyroids
• End up at the
superior pole of
the dorsum of
the thyroid by
week 7. Superior
parathyroids
Inferior
parathyroids
 Development of the parafollicular
cells of the thyroid
• Parafollicular cells of the thyroid are the C
cells that produce calcitonin.
• The fifth pouch gives rise to the
ultimobranchial body.
1st pouch
2nd pouch
3rd pouch

4th (5th?)
pouch
 Development of the parafollicular
cells of the thyroid
• Ultimobranchial body becomes
incorporated into the thyroid.
• C cells actually develop from neural
crest cells that invade the
ultimobranchial body.
 Development of the Muscles
of the Pharyngeal Arches
• First arch mesoderm
– Gives rise to all the muscles of mastication
plus 4 - two tensors and two others:
• tensor tympani
• tensor veli palatini
• mylohyoid
• anterior belly of the digastric
– SVE - from branchial arches
 Development of the Muscles
of the Pharyngeal Arches
• Second arch mesoderm
– Gives rise to all the muscles of facial
expression plus three others:
• stapedius
• stylohyoid
• posterior belly of the digastric
– SVE
 Development of the Muscles
of the Pharyngeal Arches
• Third arch mesoderm
– Gives rise to the stylopharyngeus
– SVE
 Development of the Muscles
of the Pharyngeal Arches
• Fourth arch mesoderm
– Gives rise to all the striated muscles of the:
• pharynx
• larynx
• palate
– SVE
 Development of the cartilage
from the Pharyngeal Arches
• First arch mesoderm gives rise to:
– maxillary and mandibular bones
– incus
– malleus
 Development of the cartilage
from the Pharyngeal Arches
• Second arch mesoderm gives rise to:
– stapes
– styloid process (neural crest cells)
– body and lesser horn of hyoid (neural crest
cells)
 Development of the cartilage
from the Pharyngeal Arches
• Third arch mesoderm gives rise to body
and greater horns of the hyoid (neural
crest cells.
 Development of the cartilage
from the Pharyngeal Arches
• Fourth arch mesoderm gives rise to
laryngeal cartilages.
 Development of the Blood
Supply of the Pharyngeal Arches
Dorsal Aorta Internal
Carotid
Ventral Aorta
1st Aortic Arch External
Carotid Ductus
2nd Aortic Arch R. Common Arteriosus
3rd Aortic Arch Carotid
4th Aortic Arch
R. Pulmonary
5th Aortic Arch Artery
6th Aortic Arch
Pulmonary L.
Trunk Pulmonary
Aortic R. Subclavian Artery
Sac Artery
7th L.
Intersegmental Subclavian
Artery Descending Artery
Aorta
 Development of the Innervations
of the Pharyngeal Arches
• First arch is innervated by the 5th
cranial nerve.
• Second arch is innervated by the 7th
cranial nerve.
• Third arch is innervated by the 9th
cranial nerve.
• Fourth arch is innervated by the 10th
cranial nerve.
 First Arch Summary
Germ Layers Presented 1st Arch
Surface Ectoderm Epithelium of buccal cavity, jaws, body of external
auditory meatus, and tympanic membrane.
Neural Ectoderm Maxillary and mandibular divisions of CN V.
Aortic Arches Degenerates.
Skeleton Maxillary and mandibular bones.
Meckel’s cartilage: malleus, incus, spheno-
mandibular ligament.
Muscles Masticatory, anterior belly of digastric, tensor
tympani, tensor palatini, and mylohyoid.
Endoderm of floor Tuberculum impar (body of tongue), lateral swelling.
Endoderm of pouches Eustachian (auditory) tube.
 Second Arch Summary
Germ Layers Presented 2nd Arch
Surface Ectoderm Epithelial portion of external auditory meatus and
cervical sinus.
Neural Ectoderm CN VII.
Aortic Arches Degenerates.
Muscles All muscles of facial expression plus, stapedius,
stylohyoid and post. Belly digastric
Endoderm of floor Thyroid (foramen cecum with 1st )
Endoderm of Pouch Crypts of palatine tonsil in tonsillar fossa
Skeleton Reichert’s cartilage: stapes, styloid process, body &
lesser cornua of hyoid, and stylohyoid ligament.
 Third Arch Summary

Germ Layers Presented 3rd Arch

Surface Ectoderm Epithelium around ear.
Neural Ectoderm CN IX.
Aortic Arches Stem of internal carotid artery and part of carotid
artery.
Skeleton Body & greater cornua of hyoid.
Muscles Stylopharyngeus
Endoderm of floor copula
Endoderm of pouches inferior parathyroids, thymus
 Fourth Arch Summary
Germ Layers Presented 4th & 5th (6th) Arches

Surface Ectoderm Epithelium around ear.

Neural Ectoderm CN X and maybe some CN XI.
Aortic Arches 4th arch: arch of aorta & part of right subclavian.
6th arch: pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus.
Skeleton Laryngeal cartilages.
Muscles Pharyngeal & laryngeal muscles.
Endoderm of floor Root of tongue, epiglottis & pharynx.
Endoderm of pouches Dorsal: superior parathyroids (4th).
Ultimobranchial body.
gracias