THE BASIC MIMO PRINCIPLE IN 3G

BASIC IDEA: The multiple input-multiple output or MIMO (commonly pronounced as me-moh) is the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receivers end to improve communication performance. It is one of the several forms of SMART ANTENNA. It offers significant increases in data through put and link range without additional bandwidth or transmit power. It achieves this by higher spectral efficiency i.e.more bits per second per hertz of bandwidth and link reliability or diversity . Because of these properties, MIMO is an important part of modern wireless communication standards such as IEEE 802.11n (Wifi), 4G, 3GPP Long Term Evolution, WiMAX and HSPA+

Multi-antenna types Multi-antenna MIMO (or Single user MIMO) technology has been developed and implemented in some standards, e.g. 802.11n products. SISO/SIMO/MISO are degenerate cases of MIMO .
Multiple-input and single-output (MISO) is a degenerate case when the receiver has a single antenna. Single-input and multiple-output (SIMO) is a degenerate case when the transmitter has a single antenna. single-input single-output (SISO) is a radio system where neither the transmitter nor receiver have multiple antenna.

FOUR BASIC MODELS:

EXISTING TECHNOLOGY SMART ANTENNA SYSTEM MIMO SYSTEM

Multi-user types
MU-MIMO is more feasible to low complexity mobiles with small number of reception antennas than SU-MIMO with the high system throughput capability. PU2 RC allows the network to allocate each antenna to the different users instead of allocating only single user as in single-user MIMO scheduling. The network can transmit user data through a codebook-based spatial beam or a virtual antenna.

Efficient user scheduling, such as pairing spatially distinguishable users with codebook based spatial beams, are additionally discussed for the simplification of wireless networks in terms of additional wireless resource requirements and complex protocol modification.

MIMO Communications with Applications to (B)3G and 4G Systems MIMO Radio Channel Models

S(t)

MIMOMode of operation
Spatial multiplexing :used to increase the data rate spatial diversity mode: to maximize range or reliability.

Applications of MIMO
Spatial multiplexing techniques makes the receivers very complex, and therefore it is typically combined with Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) or with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) modulation, where the problems created by multi-path channel are handled efficiently. The IEEE 802.16e standard incorporates MIMO-OFDMA. The IEEE 802.11n standard, released in October 2009, recommends MIMO-OFDM.

MIMO technology can be used in non-wireless communications systems. One example is the home networking standard ITU-T G.9963, which defines a powerline communications system that uses MIMO techniques to transmit multiple signals over multiple AC wires (phase, neutral and ground)

SUMMARY OF 3G MIMO
The table summarizes the history of 3G MIMO techniques candidated for 3G standards. Although the table additionally contains the future part but the contents are not clearly filled out since the future is not precisely predictable.
Generation Deployment Standard Total rate Bandwidth Requirement Paradigm Method Spatial coding (SC) 3G 2003/4 WCDMA 384kbit/s 5 MHz High reliability (High quality) Spatial diversity Spatial diversity coding 3G evolution Beyond 3G Future 2015~2020 Beyond IMT-Adv >10Gbit/s >100 MHz High intelligence Ambient intelligence Ambient intelligence coding Ambient intelligence beamforming Such as cooperative MIMO 2005~6/2007~8/2009 2012~2015 ~10 HSPA/HSPA+/LTE 5 MHz/20 MHz High rate (High capacity) Spatial multiplexing Spatial multiplexing coding Multi-stream beamforming IMT-Advanced 20~100 MHz Lower interference Spatial cancellation Spatial cancellation coding Interference nulling beamforming 14/42/65~250Mbit/s 1Gbit/s

Spatial beamforming Single-stream (SB) beamforming Examples SC: Alamouti coding, SB: TxAA

SC: BLAST coding, SB: SC: DPC, SB: MU-BF SVD