INDEX

Who was Bernoulli? What Bernoulli discovered? Precedents of Bernoulli Equation The Consequences of Bernoulli's theory

Bernoulli's Equation The Bernoulli equation states that,how much the pressure within a moving fluid increases or decreases as the speed of the fluid changes

a is the first point along the pipe b is the second point along the pipe p is static pressure in newtons per meter squared

is density in kilograms per meter cubed v is velocity in meters per second g is gravitational acceleration in meters per second squared h is height in meters

Scientist: Bernoulli, Daniel (1700 1782) Discipline(s): Biology ; Mathematics ; Physics

Daniel Bernoulli was born in 1700. His father Johann was head of mathematics at Groningen University in the Netherlands. His most important work considered the basic properties of fluid flow, pressure, density and velocity, and gave the Bernoulli principle

To understand how and why Bernoulli's Principle works, we can consider the following experiment.

Take a room full of people,and ask each person to start running at top speed.Because of the walls people will start bouncing off each other with impressive collisions.

Now take those people out of the room and ask them to run down the climb at top speed,they are all running together and all collisions between people are much more gentle than before since they are all running in the same direction.

The people in both cases represent the atoms in the fluid,and force of the collisions represents the pressure between those atoms. In the first case when speed of all people was zero,the jostling(or pressure) was high. In the second case when the speed of all people was large,the jostling(or pressure) was low.

Considering how to measure blood pressure Bernoulli and Euler tried to discover more about the flow of fluids together. In particular, they wanted to know about the relationship between the speed at which blood flows and its pressure. To investigate this, Daniel experimented by puncturing the wall of a pipe with a small open ended straw and noted that the height to which the fluid rose up the straw was related to fluid's pressure in the pipe.

Bernoulli's diagram to illustrate how pressure is measured. Bernoulli's Principle means that as the speed of fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases

Physicians were measuring patients blood pressure by sticking point-ended glass tubes directly into their arteries all over Europe. It wasn't until about 170 years later, in 1896 that an Italian doctor discovered a less painful method which is still in use today. However, Bernoulli's method of measuring pressure is still used today in modern aircraft to measure the speed of the air passing the plane; that is its air speed.

If fluid moves faster,it produces less pressure Remember! Air is fluid

When we want to describe how airplane wings work

Low speed High speed

high pressure low pressure

High Pressure lift up the wings

Derivation of Bernolli`s Equation

RESTRICTIONS
CONSTANT DENSITY INCOMPRESSIBLE Fluid has the same density everywhere FOLLOWING A STREAMLINE MOTION(NO TURBULANCE) Fluid flows without any swirls NO FRICTION(NON-VISCOUS FLUID) Fluid flows smoothly

Suggested Rectangular Pipe Shapes we thought that fluid flows through it from left to right

If cross-sectional area increases, velocity drops and pressure slightly increases

Exhaust is shot at high speed out of narrow opening

Rafters drift in lazy current between rapids

Daniel completed his treatise(Hydrodynamica) and it took furter 3 years to complete his work on fluids

Thanks for your attention