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Balancing of rotating equipment is a very important aspect of the design and operation of any mechanical system that involves a rotating shaft.

Rotating systems are rarely perfectly balanced; the degree of balance required depends upon the size and location of the unbalances and the speed of operation.
Unbalance is generally caused by an unbalanced mass, located at some eccentricity, spinning about the center of rotation at a constant frequency.

Static balancing refers to a procedure that adds or subtracts mass at some eccentricity to balance the vector forces. Dynamic balancing refers to a procedure that adds or subtracts mass at some eccentricity and location along the axis of rotation to balance the unbalance moments.

Explain the importance of balancing

Explain static and dynamic balance

Solve problems involving in single plane Solve problem using static balance Use vector to solve problems

In this project, we need to statically balance the fan system.

The fan is unbalance and it makes the fan vibration.

In this situation the mass and the radian for A,B,C are given. So we need to determine the mass and the radian for D so it can be balance and no vibration. To solve this problem, we use static balance equation.

Balancing In One Plane

System is a simple disc then static balance is all that is needed
A thin disc or wheel on which the centre of gravity is not the same as the centre of rotation

Placing a suitable mass at a suitable radius to make the system balance. The centrifugal force acting on each mass is F = M r

F1= M1r1

F2 = M2r2

F3 = M3r3

The balancing mass M4 is then added at a suitable raduis and angle such that the product Mr is correct

The result obtained would be the same whatever the value of W and when W = 0 we have static balance Note that angles will be given in normal mathematical terms with anticlockwise with being positive from the x axis as shown

Three masses A, B, and C are placed on a balanced fan as shown at radii of 120mm, 100mm and 80mm respectively, The masses are 1 gram, 0.5 gram and 0.7gram respectively. Find the 4th mass which should be added at a radius of 60mm in order to statically balance the system

Unbalance Fan

Unbalance Fan

Solution:Given:Mass A = 1 gram Mass B = 0.5 gram Mass C = 0.7 gram Radius A = 120mm Radius B = 100mm Radius C = 80mm Radius D = 60mm

First draw up a table to calculate the value of M and r for each mass.
Plane A Mass,m(g) 1 Radii,r(mm) 120 Mr(gmm) 120 Direction,0 0

B
C D

0.5
0.7 mD

100
80 60

50
56 60mD

30
100 D

Draw the Mr polygon to find the value of Mr for the 4th mass.

Equation:
Thus, 60MD = 143 gmm MD = 143/60 MD = 2.4 gmm So,t he mass required is 2.4 gmm and 2080 anticlockwise of A as shown.

Balance Fan

Balancing is important to avoid vibrations .For example, fan when a rotating body is unbalance, it will apply stress on the bearing and other parts on the bodies. Two types of balancing: Static balance mr = 0 that is m1r1+m2r2+m3r3 = 0 Dynamic balance mWrl = 0 that is m1Wr1l1 + m2Wr2l2 + m3Wr3l3 = 0

We choose static balance solution because by body is located on a single plane only, where m1, m2 and m3 .., are the unbalanced masses and r1,r2,r3rn are the radius from the centre of rotation respective.

When unbalance has been identified and quantified, the correction is straight forward. Weight has to be either added or removed from the rotating element. Rotates needs to be in a state of balance to ensure smooth running when in operation. Effects of unbalance become more detrimental. Modern technology allows for accurate balancing to be performed. Increased time between outages and availability for production is the prime benefit. Vibration waste more energy to rotating element.