Fuzzy Logic

&

Its Control Applications in Power Plants

Presented By : Aman Singhal (102028) ET-09, PE-C&I NTPC Ltd., EOC, Noida

20-Sep-2010

FTA, ET-09, Off-Campus Batch

OUTLINE

Basic Concepts of Fuzzy Logic Fuzzy Controller : Structure & Types Applications of Fuzzy Logic Control in Power Plants Fuzzy based Intelligent Soot Blowing System Fuzzy Logic Controller for Industrial AC Systems Self-Tuning Fuzzy PID Controller for Hydraulic Actuators Further Studies

What is Fuzzy Logic ??

Fuzzy Logic is A mathematical system, that Analyzes analog input values in terms of linguistic variables, that Take on continuous values between 0 and 1, in contrast to classical or digital logic, which operates on discrete values of either 0 and 1 (true and false). Fuzzy Logic is the theory of fuzzy sets, sets that calibrate vagueness and uncertainty.

Motivation : Why Fuzzy ??

Fuzzy logic is conceptually easy to understand. Implementing design objectives, that are difficult to express mathematically, in Linguistic or descriptive rules. No need for a mathematical model, based on natural language. Relatively Simple, Adaptive and Flexible. Less sensitive to system fluctuations. Fuzzy logic can model nonlinear functions of arbitrary complexity. Fuzzy logic can be blended with conventional control techniques.

Fuzzy Set
A fuzzy set F in a universe of discourse U is characterized by membership function F, which takes values in the interval [0,1], i.e., F: U[0,1]

Structure of a Basic Fuzzy Controller

Types of Fuzzy Controllers: Types of Fuzzy Controllers: - Direct Controller - Direct Controller The Outputs of the Fuzzy Logic System Are the Command Variables of the Plant:

IF temp=low AND P=high THEN A=med IF ...

Command Variables

Plant

Fuzzification

Inference Defuzzification

Measured Variables

Fuzzy Rules Output Absolute Values !

Types of Fuzzy Controllers: Types of Fuzzy Controllers: - Supervisory Control - Supervisory Control Fuzzy Logic Controller Outputs Set Values for Underlying PID Controllers:

IF temp=low AND P=high THEN A=med IF ...

Set Values

PID PID

Plant

Fuzzification

Inference Defuzzification

PID

Measured Variables

Human Operator Type Control !

Types of Fuzzy Controllers: Types of Fuzzy Controllers: - PID Adaptation - PID Adaptation
Fuzzy Logic Controller Adapts the P, I, and D Parameter of a Conventional PID Controller:
Set Point Variable

IF temp=low AND P=high THEN A=med IF ...

P I D

Command Variable

PID

Plant

Fuzzification

Inference Defuzzification

Measured Variable

The Fuzzy Logic System Analyzes the Performance of the PID Controller and Optimizes It !

Types of Fuzzy Controllers: Types of Fuzzy Controllers: - Fuzzy Intervention - Fuzzy Intervention Fuzzy Logic Controller and PID Controller in Parallel:
Set Point Variable

IF temp=low AND P=high THEN A=med IF ...

Command Variable

Fuzzification

Inference Defuzzification

PID

Plant

Measured Variable

Intervention of the Fuzzy Logic Controller into Large Disturbances !

Fuzzy Control Applications In Power Plants

Areas of application of fuzzy logic are:

Soot Blowing Optimization Evaporator Superheat Regulation Control of Hydraulic Drives

Fuzzy Logic Based Intelligent Soot Blowing System

Current Methodology / Practice

Traditionally been performed on a schedule basis. Not based on actual fouling conditions in the boiler. Amount of soot deposited is not measureable. Parameters, particularly, for the identification of soot blowing regions are not defined. Judgment of the engineer based on some parameters, but no integrated system for soot blowing requirement monitoring.

Fuzzy Logic Based Intelligent Soot Blowing System

Fuzzy-based Intelligent Soot Blowing System

Fuzzy rule-based Expert system to estimate the cleanliness factor (CF) of the furnace. Calculates the heat absorbed and the degree of individual stage fouling in the form of CF. No need of heat flux sensors. Advises on 'When' and 'Where' to Soot Blow, depending on a single index, CF.

Fuzzy Logic Based Intelligent Soot Blowing System

Parameter Identification
Following input variables are identified for fuzzification :

LTSH metal temperature Total spray flow Burner Tilt Mill Combination Load Elapsed Time since last soot blow
Fuzzy Logic Based Intelligent Soot Blowing System

Block Diagram

(CF)

Fuzzy Logic Based Intelligent Soot Blowing System

Rule Base for Estimating Furnace Dirtiness

Fuzzy Logic Based Intelligent Soot Blowing System

Commercial Aspects

Operationally, Soot blowing causes lowering of flue gas temp & thus, increased fuel firing to maintain load, in order to cope for the heat loss. Fuzzy based Intelligent Soot Blowing System optimizes the entire process, thereby having considerable cost advantage. Not possible to calculate the actual cost effect as no. of factors are involved such as the running load, scheduled generation and additional fuel/coal cost to maintain that load & steam parameters. Not to exclude the long term degradation effects.
Fuzzy Logic Based Intelligent Soot Blowing System

Advantages of Fuzzy-based Intelligent Soot Blowing System

Implementation possible with the existing measurement instrumentation. Superior to direct measurement of heat flux as the heat flux sensors are expensive and prone to single point failure. Improves boiler performance as heat absorption can be maintained optimally. Minimizes disturbances caused by soot blower activation. Improves soot blower life and reduces maintenance cost. Reduces attemperation spray rates & soot blowing steam. Reduces tube erosion & thus, reduces boiler tube leakage.
Fuzzy Logic Based Intelligent Soot Blowing System

Fuzzy Logic Controller For Industrial Air-Conditioning Systems

Basic Air-Conditioning Cycle

Expansion Valve

Fuzzy Controller Description

An electronic expansion valve coupled with fuzzy logic control provides excellent operating efficiencies. Monitors and controls an important refrigerant parameter called superheat. Optimizes the suction line superheat and the positioning of the electronic expansion valve. Compressor cycling is minimized, reducing wear on both compressor and starting components.

Fuzzy Logic Controller for Industrial AC Systems

Principle

As the heat load increases, evaporator superheat rises. Controller senses this condition and adjusts the expansion valve aperture to allow more refrigerant into the evaporator, thus causing the superheat to fall. The result is optimized evaporation within the evaporator coil and maximum heat absorption.
Fuzzy Logic Controller for Industrial AC Systems

Self-Tuning Fuzzy PID Controller For Hydraulic Actuators

Electro-Hydraulic Actuator Model

Combination of a classical PID and fuzzy controller. Consists of a servo valve and a hydraulic cylinder. When differences between P2 and P1 exist, the hydraulic cylinder extends or compresses.

Electro-Hydraulic Actuator Model

Self-Tuning Fuzzy PID Controller for Hydraulic Actuator

Structure of Self-Tuning Fuzzy PID Controller

Self-tuning fuzzy PID controller means that the three parameters Kp, Ki and Kp of PID controller are dynamically tuned by using fuzzy tuner.
Self-Tuning Fuzzy PID Controller for Hydraulic Actuator

Performance

Self-tuning Fuzzy PID achieves better tracking response than conventional PID controller. It is indicated from : Faster rise time Faster settling time Zero steady state Self-Tuning Fuzzy PID Controller for Hydraulic error. Actuator

Advantages for NTPC

Fuzzy Logic Control philosophy is somewhat analogous to Kaizen i.e. Small Continuous Improvement. Fuzzy Control Integration could become a part of R&M drive. Fuzzy Rule Base Design offers a highly intellectual yet a very practical & feasible solution to conserve the rich experience bank that NTPC has built over the last 3 decades.

Further Studies

Speed Control of Chopper fed DC Motor Voltage Stability Enhancement of AC Transmission Fuel-Air Ratio Optimization

THANK YOU