The Leading Causes of Morbidity and Mortality in the United States of America

Click Reduction & Infectious & lifestyle diseases Risk to edit Master subtitle style

Chelauna Sterling

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The United States of America

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The United States of America

Capital:

Washington, DC

Independence Day:

July 4th 1776

Motto:

In God We Trust

Area:

9,631,418 sq km

Developed Country

(Central Intelligence Agency, 2011)

Melting Pot
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The United States of America

Population:

Over 300 million

Birth Rate:

13.83 births/ 1,000

Death Rate:

8.38/ 1,000

Infant Mortality Rate:

6.14/ 1,000

Life Expectancy at Birth

78.24

(Central Intelligence Agency, 2011)

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The United States of America

Benjamin Franklin

Americas 1st Inventor

Thomas Edison

The Light Bulb

Alexander Graham Bell

The Telephone

George Washington Carver

The Plant Doctor

Henry Ford

Automotive Vehicles

(Sechrist, 2009)

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The United States of America

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The United States of America

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The United States of America

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The United States of America

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Leading Causes of Death in the US

1.

Heart Disease
616,067

2. Cancer

562,875

3. Stroke

135,952

4. Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease

127,924

5. Accidents

123,706

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The Leading Causes for Morbidity & Mortality

Cardiovascular Diseases Cancer Cerebrovascular Disease

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Cardiovascular Diseases

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Cardiovascular Diseases
Ischemic Heart Disease Definition: includes

arterial disease affecting the blood supply to the heart or to the brain, or to the peripheral regions of the body.
A condition in which

the walls of the arteries supplying blood into the heart muscle (Frayn & Stanner, 2005) becomes thickened.

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Cardiovascular Diseases
Common Diseases of the Circulatory System:

Hypertensive diseases Ischemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Diseases of the arteries, arterioles and capillaries Pulmonary heart disease Chronic rheumatic heart disease Acute rheumatic fever

(Labarthe, 2011)

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Cardiovascular Diseases
Risk Factors

Age Gender Heredity Socioeconomic Status Ethnic Group Smoking Cholesterol Concentration

LDL

HDL
(Frayn & Stanner, 2005)

Blood Pressure 4/15/12

Cardiovascular Diseases
From 1980 to 2007, the three leading causes of death

have not changed in rank order.

However deaths from cardiovascular disease have

decreased slightly, while cancer has increased.

It is predicted that sometime in the near future cancer

will overtake heart disease as the leading cause of death in the US.

Percent distribution of the five leading causes of death in the US. Number of deaths 1,759,472
(Minino, Xu, Kochanek, & Tejada, 2009)

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Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Prevention of risk factors Detection and treatment of risk factors Early identification and treatment of heart diseases Prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events Behavior changes

(Labarthe, 2011)

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Cancer

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Cancer
Cancer: is a collective term which embraces different

malignant tumors which may be defined primarily by their site within the body or solely by histological type.

Classification:
Location of tumor Histological/cytological appearance Behavior of tumor

(Kearsley & Morris, 1998)

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Cancer
Common Cancers:

Developed Countries:
Lung Stomach Colon/rectum Prostate

Developing Countries:
Cervix Uteri Mouth pharynx
(Kearsley & Morris, 1998)

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(Powazek, 2008)

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Cancer

Risk Factors:

Age Sex Race Socioeconomic Status Sedentary Lifestyle Diet Stress Heredity
(Kearsley & Morris, 1998)

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Cancer Risk Factors

(World Cancer Research Fund, 2007)

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Cancer Risk Factors

(World Cancer Research Fund, 2007)

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Cancer
Prevention:

Elimination of risk factors Avoidance of exposure to UV solar radiation Avoidance of smoking Prevent some occupation-association of hazardous exposure Abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages Proper monitoring of ones diet Screening

(Kearsley & Morris, 1998)

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Stroke

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Cerebrovascular Disease
The Brain: the most important organ in the body

Decided what it needs to do, when its needs to be done, and how it should be done. It then sends the relevant instructions down the spinal cord and to the appropriate nerve endings.

(Rudd, Irwin, & Penhale, 2000)

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Cerebrovascular Disease
A stroke occurs when the brain is damaged as a result

of insufficient blood supply.

Because each part of the brain is responsible for a

particular function, the symptoms will depend on which part of the bran was deprived of its normal blood supply.

Blood clot Hemorrhage

(Rudd, Irwin, & Penhale, 2000)

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Cerebrovascular Disease
Struck suddenly with violence Strokes cause more prolonged disability then any

other medical condition

Unable to:
Speak

or Write the speech of others

Understand Move

an arm or leg Walk or Balance

Stand, Hear,

See or Feel

Remember
(Caplan, 2006)

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Cerebrovascular Disease
Someone has a in people over 65 years, and can occur More common stroke every 45 seconds but dies every

at any age 3 minutes

Infancy, childhood, adolescence, and of death in most Stoke is the third leading cause early adulthood countries around the world Types: Hemorrhage In the US nearly 750,000 individuals will have a
surrounding the 90,000 women brain Ischemia 60,000 men

Not

stroke and inside the skull, either from abrain or into the year 150,000 will die into the stroke each fluid Bleeding

enough blood supply to allow continued normal functioning of the affected brain tissue
(Caplan, 2006)

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Cerebrovascular Disease
Medical Conditions that

Lead to Strokes:

Atherosclerosis
Hardening

of the arteries resulting from the development of plaques on the inside of the arteries

Hypertension
High

blood pressure

Arterial Dissection
Tear

in the artery
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Fibromuscular Dysplasia (Caplan, 2006)

Cerebrovascular Disease
Hypertension Smoking Diabetes Elevated cholesterol

High LDL

Sedentary lifestyle Poor diet Advancing age Obesity

(Hreib, 2009)

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Summary

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Racial and Ethnic Community Estimates

(Center for Disease and Control and Prevention, 2010)

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Racial and Ethnic Community Estimates

(Center for Disease and Control and Prevention, 2010)

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Racial and Ethnic Community Estimates

(Center for Disease and Control and Prevention, 2010)

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(Center for Disease and Control and Prevention, 2010)

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National Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Program

Increase awareness of the warning signs and Evaluation Monitoring and tracking disease

symptoms of heart attack and stroke and the importance of calling 911 immediately Training and technical assistance Improve emergency response and quality of care Translating science into practice Eliminate health disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations Partnership

(Center for Disease and Control and Prevention, 2010)

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State Activities for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention

Promote heart-healthy and stroke free worksite

policies and programs, such as smoke-free workplaces, wellness programs, and insurance coverage of preventive health services for employees. changes, such as automated reminders from providers to patients, that help increase the number of people who bring their blood pressure under control. systems of care provide the highest quality of stroke care for all

Work with health care providers to make systems

Coordinate stroke prevention efforts to ensure that

Promote training (Center for Disease and Control and 4/15/12 for and Prevention, 2010) protocols standard

(Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010)

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Ongoing Cancer Prevention and Control

Monitoring

Collection of data on incidence and deaths, cancer risk factors, the use of screening tests, and cancer trends

Conducting research and evaluation

To help the cancer community better understand the factors that increase the risk of cancers and evaluation of feasible effective strategies designed to prevent and control cancer

Building capacity and partnership

To translate research into public health programs, practices and services; to ensure that innovations reach the populations; to build the capacity to apply scientific advances to develop strong cancer control programs
(Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010)

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Future Strives
Collaborate with partners, policy makers, and other

individuals and groups working to ease the burden of cancer in the United States and abroad surveillance, particularly in cancer registries

Expand the use of information technology in cancer Improve the cost-effectiveness of the National Breast

and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program

Expand CDCs role in addressing public health

strategies to increase survivorship in underserved populations and improve end-of-life support for cancer patients, families, friends, and caregivers
(Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010)

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THE END!!!

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References
Caplan, L. R. (2006). Stroke. New York, NY: American Academy of Neurology. Carson, B. (1990). Gifted Hands. Grand Rapids, MI: Review and Herald Publishing Association. Center for Disease and Control and Prevention. (2010, March 15). Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Retrieved February 6, 2011, from Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publicat ions/AAG/dhdsp.htm Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010, December 28). Retrieved February 6, 4/15/12 from Cancer 2011,