GROUP SIX TEAM MEMBERS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Anupama S Archana Jayaprakash Sivaji Gibin Babu Mahima Anil Pranav M. L Praveena Simi

Deforestation & Afforestation Conservation of Natural Resources Water Resources Management Sustainable Forestry Management & Wildlife

Topics we are conducting

Deforestation & Afforestation Conservation of Natural Resources Water Resources Management Sustainable Forestry Management & Wildlife

Defined as the reckless felling of trees by human beings for their ulterior ends. It means the reckless demolition of trees & plants.

Causes Of Deforestation
Need of land Economic gains Industrial growth Mining of quarrying Promotion of production As a govt. sponsored programme, resettlement of landless farmers forest sites. Over graying by animals.

Pictorial Representation

Pictorial Representation

Effects Of Deforestation
Soil erosion Expansion of deserts Decrease in rainfall Loss of fertile land Reduction in oxygen Rise in Carbon dioxide level Lowering of the water table Effect on climate Economic losses Loss of flora & fauna Loss of medicinal plants Migration Environmental changes

Afforestation is the process of planting trees, saplings or seeds on non-forest land. In other words, afforestation is the term used for the process of creating a forest on land where there is no forest or where no forest has existed for a long time.

Reforestation is the re-establishment of forest cover, either naturally (by natural seeding, or root suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting). or Reforestation is the restocking of existing forests and woodlands which have been depleted, an effect of deforestation.

Reforestation

Mangroves
A tree or shrub that grows in muddy, chiefly tropical coastal swamps, typically having numerous tangled roots above ground that form dense thickets. Importance of Mangroves Forest (Kandal Forest)
Buffer zone between the land and sea. Protect the land from erosion. Play an invaluable role as nature's shield against cyclones, ecological disasters and as a protector of shorelines. Breeding of marine animals. Save the marine diversity, which is fast diminishing.

Mangroves

Advantages of Afforestation
It helps meet the world's increasing demands for timber and forest products. It minimizes the effect of soil erosion. Tourism is encouraged. Wildlife is preserved. Trees provide oxygen. The beauty of the landscape is preserved. It reduces desertification. It minimizes the effect of drought and Global Warming. It helps to control Acid rain. It is useful in medicinal field.

Disadvantages of Afforestation
Blanket planting spoils the natural look of the landscape. It increases fire risks.

Conservation of Natural Resources

What is conservation of natural resource..?

Conservation is the proper management of a natural resource to prevent its exploitation, destruction or degradation.
Conservation is the sum total of activities, which can derive benefits from natural resources but at the same time prevent excessive use leading to destruction or degradation.

Need for Conservation of Natural Resources

To

maintain ecological balance for supporting life. To preserve different kinds of species (biodiversity).
To make the resources available for present and future generation. To ensure the survival of human race.

Conservation of Natural Resources and Traditions of India

Conserved

in the form of sacred groves/forests, sacred pools and lakes, sacred species etc.
Conservation of natural forests is known from the time of Lord Ashoka.

Worshipping certain plants like banyan,

peepal, tulsi etc. has not only preserved them but also encouraged for their plantation.

Continues..
Recent

Chipko movement in India is one of the best examples.

- Started by the women in Gopeshwar village in Garhwal in the Himalayas. - Stopped the felling of trees by hugging them when the lumbermen arrived to cut them

Mainly conservation of Natural Resources include:

Conservation of trees
Conservation of soil

Conservation of water
Conservation of biodiversity Conservation of forest & wildlife

Conservation of Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the term applied to the variety of organisms that occupy a given region. This includes all organisms that live in the region, from microscopic protists to large mammals. Threats to biodiversity include direct killing of species by hunting, contaminating the environment with toxins, and habitat loss .

Other Factors affecting Biodiversity:

Climate change Global warming Pollution Deforestation Food Production Dwindling Resources Human conflicts

India: Land of Phenomenal Biodiversity

India is a country of phenomenal biodiversity. It is also home to a number of grassroots environmental movements that have received attention around the world. This talk will focus upon three such movements: the Chipko Movement of UttarPradesh, the Narmada Bachao Andolan (or Save the Narmada Movement) in Gujarat and Maharashtra, and Ralegan Siddhi, a village in a drought prone region of Maharashtra that through inspired leadership and local initiative transformed their village from poverty to plenty.

IMPORTANCE
IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERISTY: A diverse ecosystem is important. Biodiversity actually boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all have an important role to play. It is this combination that enables the ecosystem to possess the ability to prevent and recover from a variety of disasters.

Management of Biodiversity

Species in Danger
Talking about some of the important species that are in danger: 1) The incredible neem

2) The Passenger pigeon:

3) The Tasmanian tiger:

Bengal Tiger

Giant Rafflesia Flower

Pearl-like sea tortoise

Conservation of Soil
Soil conservation means checking soil erosion and improving soil fertility by adopting various methods.
1. Maintenance of soil fertility: The fertility can be maintained by adding manure and fertilizers regularly as well as by rotation of crop. 2. Control on grazing: Grazing should be allowed only on the areas meant for it and not on agricultural land. 3. Reforestation: Planting of trees and vegetation reduces soil erosion by both water and wind.

Conservation of Soil
4. Terracing: Dividing a slope into several flat fields to control rapid run of water.It is practised mostly in hilly areas. 5. Contour ploughing: Ploughing at right angles to the slope allows the furrows to trap water and check soil erosion by rain water

Conservation of Trees
Trees give us the oxygen we breathe, the paper we use, the fruit we eat, the shade we need from the brutal sunlight, and are essential for the survival of wildlife.

Conservation measures:
Use only recycled paper products. It takes a lot of trees to make a small amount of paper. Avoid using paper unnecessarily. For instance, printing every piece of information is not necessary.

Plant a tree. A lot of environmental agencies are giving away trees for adoption.
Don't limit conservation only to yourself and your home or office. Spread the word, and participate in tree conservation projects that happen in your locality, town or city.

WATER RESOURCE MANGEMENT

WATER RESOURCE MANGEMENT

Water resource management is the activity of planning, developing, distributing and managing the optimum use of water resources. In an ideal world, water management planning is regarded in respect to all the competing demands for water i.e., to satisfy all uses and demands of water for the entire world.

WATER RESOURCES
Water is an essential resource for all life on the planet. Of the water resources on earth 3% of it is not salty and two-thirds of the freshwater is locked up in ice caps and glaciers. Of the remaining 1%, a fifth is in remote, inaccessible areas At present only about 0.08% of all the worlds fresh water is exploited by mankind for drinking, agriculture and all other purposes.

0.08% NEEDS CONSERVATION Root Cause

High evaporation and transpiration rates due to excessive

heat due to Global warming . Excessive distribution losses of water in water supply systems. High water losses in irrigation and agriculture due to over application. Industrial usage and polluting of available water resources. Most important step in water conservation Change People's Attitudes and Habits WE NEED TO CHANGE !

0.08% NEEDS CONSERVATION Solutions

Rainwater harvesting: is the accumulating and storing, of rainwater for reuse, before it reaches the soil. It has been used to provide drinking water, water for livestock, water for irrigation as well as other typical uses. Recharging of Wells & Water bodies : Restoration of ponds and recharging of Wells Increases ground water potential.

0.08% NEEDS CONSERVATION Solutions

Increase Irrigation Efficiency: Drip Irrigation, Using Drippers/ Emitters and Emitting Pipes & Fittings. Sprinkler & Sprayers Controlled sand quarrying in rivers/watersheds: Excessive sand Quarrying leads to lowering of water table and erosion of riverbanks. use alternatives like m-sand for constructions

0.08% NEEDS CONSERVATION Solution

Reforestation: Deforestation leads to decrease in Rain fall and Reduces the storage capacity of soil . So Plant more trees and Go Green!

Prevention of encroachment into water bodies: Wetlands, paddy fields and ponds are fast vanishing special economic zones and housing colonies

0.08% NEEDS CONSERVATION Solution

Reduce excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers in farms: Water contamination leads to serious health issues, even genetic disorder Rotational irrigation : improves soil culture and quality, and also which aims at equal distribution of scarce means and prevention of acute famine.

Integrated Water Resources Management

Is process which promotes management of water.

the

coordinated

development

and

Its focus is from water resources development to water resources management Restructuring and strengthening existing institutions for better service delivery and resource sustainability, which balances social and economic needs, and ensures the protection of ecosystems for future generations.

Efficient Use of Water

Appropriate techniques for optimizing water use efficiency Scientific water management and farm practices Awareness and peoples participation Measures to minimize water loss

We Need Integrated Water Resources Management that balances social and economic needs, and that ensures the protection of ecosystems for FUTUREGENERATION.

IT

SHOULD

START

FROM

US

It is the management of forest according to the principles of sustainable development.

Forest Principles
United Nations Conference on Environment & Development (UNCED). Rio de Janeiro in 1992.

Definition Of SFM
The stewardship & use of forests land in a way, & at a rate, that maintains their biodiversity, productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality & their potential to fulfill, now & in, the national & global levels, & that does not cause damage to other ecosystems.

Pictorial Representation

Criteria & Indicators

These are the tools which can be used to conceptualize, evaluate, implement sustainable forest management Boreal or Montreal Process International Forestry Research

The Seven Thematic Areas

Extent of forest resources Biological diversity Forest health & vitality Productive functions & forest resources Protective functions & forest resources Socio- economic functions Legal, policy & institutional framework

Wildlife conservation is the protection of restoration of wildlife & their environment, especially in relation of endangered & vulnerable species.

2. Methods Of Wildlife Conservation

3. Need Of Conservation Of Wildlife

4. Major Threats Of Wildlife can be categorized as below

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Habitat loss Climate change Hunting & pouching Natural phenomena Pollution Over exploitation of resources Accidental death

Thus we have seen the various measures to conserve and manage our valuable reserves TRY TO PRESERVE THESE..!!!