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The Larynx

The Larynx

Commonly called the "voice box" A tube shaped structure comprised of a complex system of

Muscles Cartilage Connective tissues

Suspended from the hyoid bone The framework of the larynx is composed of three unpaired and three paired cartilages.

Cartilages of the larynx


Single

Paired

Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage

Arytenoid Corniculate

Epiglottis

Cuneiform

Membranes and ligaments of the larynx

Thyrohyoid Membrane A broad, fibro-elastic layer Connects the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone Facilitates the upward movement of the larynx during deglutition.
Cricothyroid Membrane Connects the cricoid to the front parts of the thyroid cartilage. Mainly avascular.

Membranes and ligaments of the larynx

Hyoepiglottic Ligament

Connects the epiglottis with the hyoid bone.

Cricotracheal Ligament

Connects the cricoid with the first ring of the trachea.

Thyroepiglottic Ligament

Connects the stem of the epiglottis with the angle of the thyroid cartilage

The Larynx
Thyrohyoid membrane Adams apple Lamina of Thyroid c. Corniculate Arytenoid C.

Cricothyroid membrane

Cricoid cartilage

Membranes and ligaments of the larynx


Hyoepiglottic Lig.

Vocal Ligament

Thickening of the upper margin of the cricothyroid membrane Extends between the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage and the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage

Thyrohyoid membrane

Arytenoid cartilage Cricothyroid membrane

Vocal ligament

Mucous membrane of the larynx

Lined by ciliated columnar epithelium except on the vocal folds it is covered with stratified squamous epithelium

Muscles of the larynx


Extrinsic

Intrinsic

Suprahyoid Infrahyoid

Move the laryngeal parts

The Suprahyoid muscles of the larynx


Above the larynx Include


Stylohyoid Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Digastric muscles.

Work together to raise the larynx.

The Infrahyoid muscles of the larynx


Above the larynx Includes


Sternothyroid Sternohyoid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid muscles.

Work together to lower the hyoid bone and larynx.

The Intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Divided into

Muscles controlling the laryngeal inlet Muscles controlling the movements of the vocal cords

All intrinsic muscles are paired except the interarytenoid (transverse arytenoid). All intrinsic muscles innervated by the recurrent laryngeal n. except cricothyroid supplied by external laryngeal n.

The Intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Include

Muscles controlling the laryngeal inlet


Oblique arytenoid (narrows the inlet) Thyroepiglottic (widens the inlet)

Muscles controlling the movements of the vocal cords


Interarytenoid (transverse arytenoid) Lateral cricoarytenoid Posterior cricoarytenoid Cricothyroid Thyroarytenoid (true vocal cord) muscles.

Cuneiform cartilage False vocal cord True vocal cord Rima glottidis Corniculate cartilage

Innervation of the larynx

Sensory to the mucous membrane


Above the vocal cord Internal laryngeal n Below the vocal cord Recurrent laryngeal n. All intrinsic muscles innervated by the recurrent laryngeal n. except cricothyroid supplied by external laryngeal n.

Motor

Blood supply of the larynx

Above the vocal cord superior laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery Below the vocal cord - inferior laryngeal branch of the inferior thyroid artery

Lymphatic drainage of the larynx

Drain into the deep cervical LN

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