MEASUREMENT

A Basic Tool in Physics

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What is measurement?
It is the process of comparing an unknown quantity with a standard. It is counting the number of units contained in a quantity. It is a very important tool in representing quantities in physics.

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Measurement in everyday life

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Systems of Measurement
SI System English System

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The SI System is more convenient to use than the English system of measurement.

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Reasons why SI System is more convenient to use

It is based on the powers of ten. It has prefixes that have corresponding values of multiplier.

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The Seven Base Quantities of SI

Length Mass Time Thermodynamic temperature Amount of electric current Amount of substance Luminous intensity

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LENGTH
It is the distance between two points. Meter (m) SI base unit

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Definition of Meter
It is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.

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MASS
The amount of quantity of a substance. Kilogram (kg) SI base unit

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Definition of Kilogram
It is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram kept by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sevres, France.

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TIME
The interval between two successive events. Second (s) SI base unit

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Definition of Second
It is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of Cesium 133 atom.

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AMOUNT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

The amount of electrical charge that passes a conductor per unit time Ampere (A) SI base unit

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Definition of Ampere
It is the constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 meter apart in vacuum would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10-7 newton per meter of length.

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AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE
A standards-defined quantity that measures the size of an ensemble of elementary entities, such as atoms, molecules, electrons, and other particles Mole (mol) SI base unit

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Definition of Mole
It is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12
When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons and other particles, or specified groups of such particles.

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LUMINOUS INTENSITY
It is an expression of the amount of light power emanating from a point source within a solid angle of one steradian. Candela (cd) SI base unit

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Definition of Candela
It is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian.

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