Developmental Milestones ( 6 12 ) months

Gross Motor Development includes controlling the head, sitting, crawling, maybe even starting to walk, supported walking, ...

6-Month-Olds Development

Progression of:
Rolling Sitting

Rolling Progression
Two rolling progression:

(i) Non-segmental Rolling (ii) Segmental Rolling

Non-segmental Rolling
Also called as Log Rolling Child performs this from birth to 6 months Child able to roll from supine to side-lying. This movt is based on neck righting reaction.

Segmental Rolling
Develops at approximately 6 months of age. Body-righting reaction acting on the body is a predominant factor in movt at 6 months

Movt is not as one unit, Rather it is of different segment: trunk, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, U.E, L.E Requires rotation within body axis, the vertebral column. Referred as intra-axial rotation

Rolling Prone to Supine

Before infant rolls volitionally, rolling from prone to supine, and supine to prone often occurs accidentally.
Child lifts buttocks higher from the surface, pushes into supporting surface with foot, child accidentally roll prone to supine

Other types of rolling: (a)Rolling from prone to supine - Leading with U.E - Leading with L.E (b)Rolling from supine to prone - Leading with U.E - Leading with L.E

Segmental rolling from prone to supine, leading with upper extremity

Segmental rolling supine to prone, rolling leading with upper extremity

Sitting Progression
1. Propped Sitting Child sits w/o external support, i.e: - either being held or - sitting with a backrest Child attempts to prop with U.E - weight shifted forward - hands full contact with floor surface Major weight bearing role - hands and buttocks create a tripod base - gives a larger and more stable BOS than sitting w/o propped propping support of his U.E
Child fixes progravity, strongly contracting hip flexors to increase the stability. Progravity stabilizing motor behaviours is referred to fixing into gravity rather than fixing against gravity.

2. Early Independent Sitting Able to sit alone Arms used for balance Able to manipulate object with one hand while the other holds it

Sitting and manipulating at once may still

be a challenge

3. Ring Sitting Ring sitting = position of L.E Trunk extension becomes stronger, child eventually rely less on U.E support and wide base, until hands is lifted from surface Child erect sitting, pelvis perpendicular to surface, utilizing trunk extension to maintain upright (antigravity) . To further secure trunk extension or stability w/o propping, child holds U.E in high guard position. Usage of rhomboid muscles. L.E Ring sitting provides wide BOS Child can only remain stable w/o fall

4. Half Ring Sitting As child experience increasing stability in independent sitting, child begins to move L.E out of ring position into: (i) Half-Ring Sitting (ii) Long Sitting

Ability to have one L.E in front, neutral hip rotation and a (slight) extended knee Other side of hip flexed, externally rotated with knee flexed

5. (Simple) Long Sitting

Both leg extended (slight) More commonly seen Neutral hip rotation & slight extended knee

BOS narrowed mediolaterally (compare to ring sitting) Allows lateral weight shift easily

6. Mature Long Sitting Both legs extended High guard position Child is more stable when this sitting is achieved

BOS narrowed mediolaterally Allows lateral weight shift easily

* The wider the BOS, the difficult it is to shift weight. Therefore, child would move beyond ring sitting with narrower BOS in order to move around (weight shifting).