CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp.

72-76) Reading Guide

Canaan 1. The area of Palestine called _________was the ancient home of the ____________, later called the Jews. Hebrews
2. Find Canaan on the map on page 73. What nation is found at this location today?

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

Canaan 1. The area of Palestine called _________was the ancient home of the ____________, later called the Jews. Hebrews
2. Find Canaan on the map on page 73. What nation is found at this location today?

Israel
3. The history, legends, and moral laws of the Jews have been a major influence on Western culture, and began a tradition also shared by Christianity and Islam.

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

Canaan 1. The area of Palestine called _________was the ancient home of the ____________, later called the Jews. Hebrews
2. Find Canaan on the map on page 73. What nation is found at this location today?

Israel
3. The history, legends, and moral laws of the Jews have been a major influence on Western culture, and began a tradition also shared by Christianity and Islam. Give two reasons why the location of Palestine was so important: By land, it connected the continents of Africa and Asia. Its seaports opened onto the most important waterways, the Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea.

4.

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

Canaan 1. The area of Palestine called _________was the ancient home of the ____________, later called the Jews. Hebrews
2. Find Canaan on the map on page 73. What nation is found at this location today?

Israel
3. The history, legends, and moral laws of the Jews have been a major influence on Western culture, and began a tradition also shared by Christianity and Islam. Give two reasons why the location of Palestine was so important: By land, it connected the continents of Africa and Asia. Its seaports opened onto the most important waterways, the Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea.

4.

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

Bible 5. According to their sacred literature, the _______, Canaan (Palestine) was the land promised to them by God. 6. Jews call the first five books of the Bible the _______. Torah (Today ___________also respect these sacred writings Christians as part of the Old Testament of their Bible.)
TORAH = Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy

7. As in other sacred literatures, the books of the Torah describe both Some events that really happened, and Stories told toteach important lessons ______________________(etiological stories)

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

8. _________was chosen by God to be the father of the Hebrew people Abraham and promised to give him land (Canaan).

9. Where did Abraham live? Ur, in Mesopotamia.

10. When did Abraham move his people to Canaan? Around 2000 B.C.

11. When did Abrahams descendents move again, this time to Egypt?
Around 1650 B.C.

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

12. How many gods did the Hebrews (and still Jews today) have? One Does this make them polytheistic or monotheistic? Monotheistic (worship of 1 god) 13. What did the Hebrews (Jews) name their God? Yahweh 14. In what ways did the Hebrews belief in their God differ from other peoples of the time? a.) only 1 God, others were polytheistic. b.) Not associated with any 1 place, could go wherever they went. c.) Believed their god, the one and only, was over all peoples, not just them. d.) Yahweh was not physical, could not make any physical images of God

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

15. The Hebrews believed that Abraham and God had entered a covenant ________________, which is a mutual promise or contract. 16. Why did the Hebrews migrate to Egypt in the first place? Because of a drought / famine in their land

17. Once in Egypt, what happened to them?

They were forced into slavery. 18. When did the Hebrew exodus take place? The Hebrews fled Egypt around 1300-1200 B.C.

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

18. When did the Hebrew exodus take place? The Hebrews fled Egypt around 1300-1200 B.C. 19. Today Jews celebrate the festival of ________ to remember the Exodus from Egypt. Passover

20. Who led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt? MOSES 21. After leaving Egypt, the Hebrews wandered for forty years in the Sinai Desert.

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

21. After leaving Egypt, the Hebrews wandered for forty years in the Sinai Desert. 22. While there, Moses climbed to the top of Mt. Sinai and brought the Ten Commandments down from the mountain and delivered them to the people. 23. In this covenant, God promised to protect the Hebrews if they obeyed his laws. 24. Look at the Ten Commandments on p. 74. 1 5 are concerned with the peoples relationship with God. 6 10 deal with the peoples relationship with one another.

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

25. After wandering in the desert, where did the Hebrews return to settle down? Canaan
26. The Hebrews were organized into twelve tribes when they arrived in Canaan. Were these self-governing? Or controlled by one ruler? Self-governing 27 In times of emergency they were united and led by judges , one of the most prominent of whom was a woman named Deborah. 28. The 10 Commandments were part of a more detailed code of law resembling Hammurabi s Code. However, how did the Hebrew law differ? Hammurabis strict laws were softened by expressions of Gods mercy and forgiveness. 29. The Hebrew prophets emphasized both right conduct and worshipping only one God. This type of religion is more specifically known as what? Ethical Monotheism 30. Eventually only the largest tribe, the tribe of Judah, would dominate. That is why the Hebrews came to be called Jews and their religion is known as Judaism

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

31. From 1020 922 B.C. the Hebrew tribes united under 3 kings (Saul, David, and Solomon) and the new kingdom was called Israel
32. Which of the three kings established Jerusalem as the capital? David 33. Who was the most powerful of the Hebrew kings? Solomon What did he build? A great temple

This is an artist's approximation of what King Solomon's Temple looked like when it was originally constructed. The building of the Temple kicked off massive construction efforts during Solomon's reign that resulted in the erection of many royal and public buildings. The Temple, however, remained the center of Jerusalem until its initial destruction in the sixth century B.C. by the Babylonians. Rebuilt and then destroyed a second time by the Romans in 79 A.D.

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

31. From 1020 922 B.C. the Hebrew tribes united under 3 kings (Saul, David, and Solomon) and the new kingdom was called Israel
32. Which of the three kings established Jerusalem as the capital? David 33. Who was the most powerful of the Hebrew kings? Solomon What did he build? A great temple

This is an artist's approximation of what King Solomon's Temple looked like when it was originally constructed. The building of the Temple kicked off massive construction efforts during Solomon's reign that resulted in the erection of many royal and public buildings. The Temple, however, remained the center of Jerusalem until its initial destruction in the sixth century B.C. by the Romans.

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

34. After Solomons death the kingdom divided in two. Israel was in the north and Judah was in the south.
35. In 738 B.C., both kingdoms began paying a tribute - a peace money paid by weaker powers to a stronger power, to the mighty Assyrian empire. (Locate Assyria on the map, p. 73) 36. But by 722 B.C. the whole northern kingdom of Israel had fallen to the Assyrians. 37. The southern kingdom of Judah fell 150 years later to the Babylonians. 38. After the Babylonians conquered the Jews, what happened to the survivors? Taken back to Babylon in exile.

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76) Reading Guide

36. But by 722 B.C. the whole northern kingdom of Israel had fallen to the Assyrians. 37. The southern kingdom of Judah fell 150 years later to the Babylonians. 38. After the Babylonians conquered the Jews, what happened to the survivors? Taken back to Babylon in exile. 39. How many years before the Jews in exile were allowed to return to their homeland? 50 years 40. Will the Jews be able to take control of Palestine for good? Other empires will rise and fall in the future taking control of ancient Palestine as well as the future destiny of the Jewish people.

Early History of the Israelites

2000 B.C.Abraham migrates from Ur in Mesopotamia to Canaan. He founds the Israelite nation. Israel = people of God. Famine forces Israelites to migrate to Egypt, where they are enslaved. Moses leads Israelites out of Egypt ~ the Exodus ~ receive the 10 Commandments Israelites enter Canaan, the promised land. 1000 B.C.David unites Israelites into kingdom of Israel. Solomon builds capital at Jerusalem, but his rule inspires revolts. 922 B.C.Kingdom weakens after splitting into Israel and Judah. 722 B.C.Assyrians conquer Israel. 586 B.C.Babylonians capture Judah Babylonian Captivity. Persians conquer Babylon and free the Jews from captivity.

Teachings on Law and Morality

The laws of the Torah address all aspects of life, from cleanliness and food preparation to criminal matters. Jews believe that God gave them a set of laws called the Ten Commandments. Jewish prophets, or spiritual leaders, preached a code of ethics, or moral standards of behavior. For this reason it is a religion known as Ethical Monotheism. Examples:
The rich and powerful must protect the poor and weak. All people are equal under God.

Unlike many ancient people, the Jews believed their leaders were fully human and bound by Gods law.
Videostreaming: Religions of the World: Judaism: Sacred Words of Judaism

SYMBOLS

The Magen David (or as it is more commonly known, the Star of David) is the symbol most commonly associated with Judaism today, but it is actually a relatively new Jewish symbol. It is supposed to represent the shape of King David's shield (or perhaps the emblem on it), but there is really no support for that claim in any rabbinic literature. In fact, the symbol is so rare in early Jewish literature and artwork that art dealers suspect forgery if they find the symbol in early works.
Some note that the top triangle strives upward, toward God, while the lower triangle strives downward, toward the real world. Some note that the intertwining makes the triangles inseparable, like the Jewish people. Some note that there are actually 12 sides (3 exterior and 3 interior on each triangle), representing the 12 tribes of Israel. While these theories are theologically interesting, they have little basis in historical fact. The symbol of intertwined equilateral triangles is actually a common one in the Middle East and North Africa, and is thought to bring good luck. It appears occasionally in early Jewish artwork, but never as an exclusively Jewish symbol. The nearest thing to an "official" Jewish symbol at the time was the menorah. The Magen David gained popularity again as a symbol of Judaism when it was adopted as the emblem of the Zionist movement in 1897, but the symbol continued to be controversial for many years afterward. When the modern state of Israel was founded in 1949, there was much debate over whether this symbol should be used on the flag.

Today we examine Egypts New Kingdom Period. The tomb of the New Kingdom Pharoah named Tutankhamun was discovered in 1923 by archaeologist Howard Carter. It was an amazing find! A tomb full of treasures like Tuts golden mask seen here. Learn more about this discovery at http://www.nationalgeographic.com/egypt/

EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD 2920-2575 BCE

Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Menes. Foundation of the capital Memphis. Early Step Pyramid is built at Saqqara.

OLD KINGDOM - 2660-2180 BCE

The Great Pyramids of Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Chephren), Menkaure (Mycerinus) are built at Giza. Pyramids of Sahure, Neferirkare, Raneferef, Neuserre are built at Abusir.

MIDDLE KINGDOM 2180-1550 BCE

Fragmentation of centralized power. Kings in Thebes establish control over all Egypt. Chaos leads central administration in Lower Egypt to disappear following infiltration by Hyksos, an Asiatic people in the Nile Delta. Upper Egypt dominated by kings in Thebes. (CH 2 Coverage) ----------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------NEW KINGDOM 1550-1070 BCE (CH 4 Coverage) Theban king Ahmose expels the Hyksos and reunites Egypt. Reigns of such kings as Amenhotep and Thutmose (Thutmosis). Memphis now main residential city. Ramses II (1290- 1224 BC) divides power in Middle East with the Hittites; Qantir capital of Egypt. Invasions of mysterious sea peoples wreck havoc throughout Mediterranean region.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Future history.
Alexander the Great of Macedonia / Greece conquers and the Ptolemy dynasty governs; 332 30 BC After the defeat of Cleopatra, the last Ptolemy ruler, the Roman emperors exploit Egypt as the main production center of wheat, papyrus and textiles for the vast Roman Empire; 30 BC 394 AD
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Cyrus the Great was the first Emperor of Persia, who issued a decree on his policies, later hailed as his Charter on the Rights of Nations. Inscribed on a clay cylinder, it is known as the first real Declaration of Human Rights, and is now kept at the British Museum. A replica is also at the United Nations in New York. It symbolizes true Multiculturalism, a word coined to express the coexistence and peaceful cohabitation of peoples from different background and culture in one land. Cyrus the Great was one of the first rulers to insist on Tolerance of other peoples beliefs and culture.

Cyrus the Great was the first Emperor of Persia, who issued a decree on his policies, later hailed as his Charter on the Rights of Nations. Inscribed on a clay cylinder, it is known as the first real Declaration of Human Rights, and is now kept at the British Museum. A replica is also at the United Nations in New York. It symbolizes true Multiculturalism, a word coined to express the coexistence and peaceful living of people from different background and culture in one land. Cyrus the Great was one of the first rulers to insist on Tolerance of other peoples beliefs and culture.
I am Cyrus. King of the world. When I entered Babylon... I did not allow anyone to terrorize the land... I kept in view the needs of Babylon and all its sanctuaries to promote their well-being... I put an end to their misfortune. From The First Charter of the Rights of Nations Cyrus the Great Founder of The First Persian Empire Inscribed on a clay cylinder in cuneiform discovered in 1879 now in The British Museum, London.

Cyrus the Great 580-529 B.C.

Shi Huangdi First Emperor of China, brought about the new Qin Dynasty following the collapse of the old Zhou dynasty. He was a cruel tyrant who restored order in China with a harsh laws, taxes, and intolerance toward scholars. His Qin dynasty lasted about 15 years.

RECALL:
We Covered in Chapter 2

Ancient China

D Y N A S T I E S

Neolithic ca. 12,000 - 2000 B.C.

Xia ca. 2100-1800 B.C. Shang 1700-1027 B.C. Western Zhou 1027-771 B.C.

Eastern Zhou 770-221 B.C.

Warring States period 475-221 B.C.

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

RECALL:
We Covered in Chapter 2 The first 300 years of Zhou rule were relatively peaceful and stable. But that changed around 771 B.C.E. as nomadic tribes invaded from the north and as the noble families began to fight for power against one another. The crossbow is introduced in China during this time of great conflict and chaos known as the Period of Warring States. Chinese values collapsed during this period of arrogance, chaos, and defiance.

Will China be saved?

By who? By what? ..stay tuned.

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

CONFUCIANISM
Confucius Chinas most influential scholar / philosopher Born 551 B.C. Wanted to restore order to Chinese society after years of conflict in warring states period His answer: To help China, people must follow the Five basic Relationships based on respect
Ruler / Subjects ; Father / Son ; Husband / Wife ; Brother / Brother ; Friend / Friend
CONFUCIUS 551 479 B.C. Dont do to others what you wouldnt want done to yourself. -Confucius

Emphasis on Family relationships filial piety respecting the family / elders / parents Worked to improve government efficiency Created the basis of a bureaucracy (a system of departments and agencies that run the government) Education important for these civil servants (government workers) Over time, the philosophy of Confucius spread to other parts of Asia and is still practiced today Analects (the teachings of Confucius) (Fill in your p. 1 Chart in packet)
PIC: Confucious seated teaches political statesmen.

TAOISM
Laozi (or, Lao-tzu) was also a great Chinese thinker. Taoism was not meant to be a religion. It is a "Way" of life. It is a River. The Tao is the natural order of things. It is a force that flows through every living thing, as well as through the entire universe. When the Tao is in balance it is possible to find perfect happiness.
Yin-Yang the Just let go, let the universe happen and all fall back into flow! was Laozis answer to Chinas problems and personal happiness. TaoismUniverse in Balance is a religio-philosophical tradition that has, along with Confucianism, shaped Chinese life for more than 2,000 years. Called Taoism, or Daoism. The Taoist heritage, with its of feudal warfare and freedom The Tao was written in a timeemphasis on individualconstant and spontaneity, laissez-faire (hands off) way which wouldsocial conflict. Lao Tzu was reflecting on a government and stop primitivism, mystical experience, and techniques of self- end the warfare, a path for humanity to follow which would transformation, represents in many ways the antithesis to Confucian the conflict. concern with individual moral duties, community standards, and governmental responsibilities. pages of short verses, which And so he came up with a few

became the Tao Te Ching, this is the original book of Tao.

(Fill in your p. 1 Chart in packet)

http://www.crystalinks.com/taoism.html

LAOZI (Lao-tzu) ca. 600 B.C. Stop thinking, and end your problems. Lao Tzu

LEGALISM
Legalism is the belief that order can only be restored through strict laws and force.
Han Feizi, as a student, was taught in the Confucian tradition. Because of a problem with stuttering, he did not go the way most wandering philosophers of this age did making the rounds of kings' courts and making speeches. Instead, he wrote. His book, the Han Feizi, brought him some prominence during his life and ended up being the main text of the school of Legalism. He traced the cause of the chaos of the time back to a growing population. According to him, this caused a scarcity of resources which led to war and strife. Shangzi saw a strong government according to law as the solution to the problem. Han Feizi died as a result of political intrigue in 233 BC, but Legalism would go on to become the philosophy which finally managed to unify China.

1.

What were the three thinkers or new ideas that changed China? Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism

At 13 years old, he became ruler of the new Qin Dynasty He ended the troubles period of warring states. Of the three teachings of his day Confucianism

Daoism
Legalism he chose Legalism. Using FORCE and STRICT LAWS he restored order to China. He is Chinas First Emperor Shi Huangdi. He would double the size of China.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Neolithic ca. 12,000 - 2000 B.C.

Xia ca. 2100-1800 B.C. Shang 1700-1027 B.C. Western Zhou 1027-771 B.C.

Ancient Chinas Dynasties

Eastern Zhou 770-221 B.C.
Warring States period 475-221 B.C.

Qin 221 207 B.C. Western Han 206 B.C. 9 A.D. Hsing (Huns) occupy China 9 25 A.D. Eastern Han (restoration) 25 220 A.D.

IMPERIAL Chinas Dynasties

Three Kingdoms (Division) 220 265 A.D.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Chin 265 316 A.D.

Shi-Huangdi
Chinas First Emperor (259-210 BC)

Doubled the size of China. Established an autocracy a type of government where the ruler has complete control and unlimited power ! Ended the feudalism of the Zhou period and reigned in the tamed nobles but forcing them to move to his capital. Desired complete Uniformity sameness in thought and deed. Standardized writing, laws, money, weights and measurements. Forced laborers to build roads connecting one end of China to the other. Legalism = Total CONTROL! Banned books, controlled ideas, began to persecute the educated Scholars. He bans Confucianism!

The Building of the Great Wall

FACTS about the Wall (see textbook p. 100-101)
http://www.crystalinks.com/chinawall.html

Chinese peasants were forced to work Shi-Huangdis soldiers on the persecuting scholars. wall sometimes until their PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. deaths!

Shi Huangdi, the First Emperor of China, restored order after years of conflict between warring feudal states. To do so he adopted a policy of strict and rigid Legalism. His short-lived (15 year) Dynasty was called the Qin (also called Chin).

The Qin Dynasty

[221-206 B.C.E.]B

Ended old Zhou Feudal System; began autocracy Forced labor to build the First Great Wall Standardized money and systems of measurement Burned books, persecuted Confucious scholars

What happened to Shi Huangdi?

What happened to his short-lived Qin Dynasty?

Click on the pic above to see more pics of the Great Wall.

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Shi Huangdi was a tyrant and ruled with an iron hand, handing down harsh laws, and levying large tax rates that oppressed the commoners of ancient China. He tried to eliminate the teachings of Confucius, and the education system that accompanied Confucianism. In his final years, Shi Huangdi became quite withdrawn and odd-behaving. He surrounded himself with magicians and alchemists, providing them only one task: to find or create an immortality formula. Shi Huangdi became increasingly more maniacal near his death, and wanted an potion that would allow him to rule as a divine emperor forever. He died-- broken, insane, and alone--after a trip to Japan in search of this magic potion in 210 BCE. Recently discovered in 1974 by Chinese peasants who were drilling a well, the tomb of Shi Huangdi proved to be one of the greatest archaeological finds. Archaeologists were uncertain when the excavations began of the great magnitude of this site. The centerpiece of Shi Huangdi's mausoleum is the terra-cotta army of approximately 8,000 life-sized men and horses. Individually sculpted of thick terra-cotta clay, each soldier and horse is unique, each with its own style of dress (the mineral paints used to cover the figures in bright, gay colors have since dissolved), weaponry, and facial expressions. Built mainly underground, the construction itself took 700,000 prisoners of war and slaves over 36 years to construct and covers approximately four square miles. The as-yet-unearthed palace (built for Shi-Huangdis use in the afterlife and thus never lived in) is reputedly of legendary grandeur. Shi-Huangdis actual pyramidal tomb has also not been excavated yet.

When the Chinese made the first announcements about the statues in 1974, many archaeologists, intellectuals and especially tourists wanted to visit the site. The Chinese communist government today has been surprisingly open about visitation (although they oversee all the digging) and even lead tours to watch the actual excavation as it takes place.

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Shi Huangdi, the First Emperor of China, restored order after years of conflict between warring feudal states. To do so he adopted a policy of strict and rigid Legalism. His short-lived (15 year) Dynasty was called the Qin (also called Chin).

The Qin Dynasty

[221-206 B.C.E.]B

Ended old Zhou Feudal System; began autocracy Forced labor to build the First Great Wall Standardized money and systems of measurement Burned books, persecuted Confucious scholars

What happened to Shi Huangdi? What happened to his short-lived Qin Dynasty?

Click on the pic above to see more pics of the Great Wall.

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Neolithic ca. 12,000 - 2000 B.C.

Xia ca. 2100-1800 B.C. Shang 1700-1027 B.C. Western Zhou 1027-771 B.C.

Ancient Chinas Dynasties

Eastern Zhou 770-221 B.C.
Warring States period 475-221 B.C.

Qin 221 207 B.C. Western Han 206 B.C. 9 A.D. Hsing (Huns) occupy China 9 25 A.D. Eastern Han (restoration) 25 220 A.D.

Han Dynasty and China explored in more detail next ppt!

IMPERIAL Chinas Dynasties

Three Kingdoms (Division) 220 265 A.D.
Chin 265 316 A.D.