DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING IN REMOTE SENSORS

SIGNAL PROCESSING
ANALOG SIGNAL PROCESSING DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

The analog waveform is sliced into equal segments and the waveform amplitude is measured in the middle of each segment. Representation of signals by a sequence of numbers or symbol(sampling)and further processing of these signals. Processing is done by converting analog to digital signal at transmitter and then again converting it from digital to analog at recivers output.

Remote sensing:
Acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by the use of either recording or real-time sensing device that are wireless, or not in physical or intimate contact with the object (such as by way of aircraft, spacecraft, satellite, or ship). EXAMPLES: Earth observation weather satellite collection platforms, ocean and atmospheric observing platforms, the monitoring of a parolee via an ultrasound identification system, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

FIGURE 1 : SHOWING EXAMPLE OF DSP IN REMOTE SENSORS

PARTS OF SYSTEMS ARE AS FOLLOWS

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING SIGNAL PROCESSOR A/D AND D/A CONVERTER SENSORS INCLUDES SIGNAL CONDITIONING TRANSDUCERS,ANTEENAS,CABLES,AND SCREENS

PLATEFORM FOR USAGE OF REMORE SENSORS

TARGET(MATERIAL TO BE SENSED) PLATEFORM(THE MOTION OF THE OBJECT EARTH) SENSORS THE SIGNAL(ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND ACOISTIC WAVES)

Figure 2: SHOWING THE PLATEFOM OF USAGE of REMOTE SENSORS:

WORKING:
SYSTEM INCLUDES <SENSORS> WHICH GATHERS DATA COMING FROM (TARGET - TO PLATEFORM) AND THIS SIGNAL IS FURTHER PROCESSED THROUGH APPROPRIATE DATA PROCESSORS
EXAMPLES OF DATA PROCESSOS

TI TMS32010 (Ist DSP)1982 TMS320C674x Music effects, industrial, conference phones, portable medical, audio conferencing, power protection systems, industrial monitoring and test and measurement ,etc.

Figure 3:Block diagram for digital signal processing in remote sensors :

Figure 3:showing how Digital signal processing is done as:

The signal recived by the sensor sand then further the analog signal is given to the A/D converter then this output of converter goes to DSP INTERFACE (FPGA) and then the data is given digital signal processor

Parameters used in remote sensors:

Radiant energy :Total energy in the radiation field. Radiant power or radiant flux: rate at which radiant energy is transferred. Radiant exposure: energy per unit area received. Radiant energy influence rate : the radiant power incident on the small sphere divided by the cross sec.area of that sphere, Radiant excitance: flux per unit area leaving the surface of the source Radiant intensity:flux unit solid angle emitted by a source in a given direction. Radiance:flux per unit projected area per unit solid angle leaving the source or reference surface

Types of remote sensors are:

Active sensor : when the satellite or aircraft provides the source of illumination. Examples: microwave (radar) etc.
Passive sensors:the source of the object illumination is independent of sensor and it is a natural source. example:Thermal sensors(thermal infrared),cameras,etc.

Figure 5: of types of sensors:

Active senors
Passive sensors

Figure 6:Principle of working of remote sensors.

Principle of working:
Photons of different energy values are distributed .
A photon travels as an EM wave having two components, oscillating as sine waves mutually at right angles, one consisting of the varying electric field, the other the varying magnetic field. Both have the same amplitude maxima minima beimg same. Photon waves can transmit through a vacuum

Applications in day to day life:

Applications :
Radar. Lidar. Radiometry and photometry. Satellite. Spectral analysis. Image classification(pixel based on reflectance).

Signal processing & Remote sensors for development purpose

Cycle diagram for the progress is as shown