HEART SYSTEM

Heart System is a necessary system of

the Human body. It is a pumping station of
the Human body. As in a house, a pump
makes the water flows throughout the
body, similarly Heart system makes
Oxygenated blood flows throughout the
body. We can feel the efficiency and
power of this system by a fact that Heart
system works without rest throughout life
Parts of the Heart System

 Heart Organ
 Aorta
 Coronary Arteries
 Veins
 Heart Chambers
 Pulmonary Valve
Human Heart
 Description of the Human Heart

• The human heart is a hollow, pear-shaped

organ about the size of a fist. The heart is
made of muscle that contracts and relax.
These rhythms of contraction and
relaxations are called Heart Beats,.
Oxygen-poor blood from the body enters
the heart. These contractions and
relaxations pump blood throughout the
body. Over a typical life span of 76 years,
the heart will beat nearly 2.8 billion times
and move 169 million liters of blood.
Human Heart is made
up of special type of
muscles called
Cardiac Muscles
which are flexible and
strong as these
muscles never rest
because Rest means
Death !
 AORTA

• Aorta, principal artery of the body that

carries oxygenated blood to most other
arteries in the body. The aorta gives rise
to the coronary arteries, which supply the
heart muscle with blood
 CORONARY ARTERIES
• The heart is nourished not by the blood
passing through its chambers but by a
specialized network of blood vessels.
Known as the coronary arteries, these
blood vessels encircle the heart like a
crown. About 5 percent of the blood
pumped to the body enters the coronary
arteries, which branch from the aorta just
above where it emerges from the left
ventricle.
• Three main coronary arteries—the right,
the left circumflex, and the left anterior
descending—nourish different regions of
the heart muscle. From these three
arteries arise smaller branches that enter
the muscular walls of the heart to provide
a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients
 VEINS
• Veins are blood vessels that generally
conducts the deoxygenated blood from the
capillaries back to the heart. The
pulmonary veins return blood from the
lungs, where it has been oxygenated, to
the heart; Veins enlarge as they proceed,
gathering blood from their tributaries. They
finally pour the blood through the superior
and inferior veins cavae into the right
atrium of the heart.
 Heart Chambers
• The human heart has four chambers. The
upper two chambers, the right and left atria, are
receiving chambers for blood. The atria are
sometimes known as auricles. They collect
blood that pours in from veins, blood vessels
that return blood to the heart. The heart’s lower
two chambers, the right and left ventricles, are
the powerful pumping chambers. The ventricles
propel blood into arteries, blood vessels that
carry blood away from the heart.
 Heart Valves

• Four valves within the

heart prevent blood
from flowing
backward in the heart.
The valves open
easily in the direction
of blood flow, but
when blood pushes
against the valves in
the opposite direction,
the valves close.
 Working of the Heart System
• Oxygen-poor blood from the body enters the
heart from two large blood vessels, the inferior
vena cava and the superior vena cava, and
collects in the right atrium. When the atrium fills,
it contracts, and blood passes through the valve
into the right ventricle. When the ventricle
becomes full, it starts to contract, and the valve
closes to prevent blood from moving back into
the atrium. As the right ventricle contracts, it
forces blood into the pulmonary artery, which
carries blood to the lungs to pick up fresh
oxygen.
• When blood exits the right ventricle, the
ventricle relaxes and the pulmonary valve
shuts, preventing blood from passing back
into the ventricle. Blood returning from the
lungs to the heart collects in the left
atrium. When this chamber contracts,
blood flows through the valve into the left
ventricle. The left ventricle fills and begins
to contract, and the valve between the two
chambers closes.
• In the final phase of blood flow through the
heart, the left ventricle contracts and
forces blood into the aorta. After the blood
in the left ventricle has been forced out,
the ventricle begins to relax, and the valve
at the opening of the aorta closes.
• In an adult, resting heart rate is normally about
70 beats per minute. However, the heart can
beat up to three times faster—at more than 200
beats per minute—when a person is exercising
vigorously. Younger people have faster resting
heart rates than adults do. The normal heart rate
is about 120 beats per minute in infants and
about 100 beats per minute in young children.
Many athletes, by contrast, often have relatively
slow resting heart rates because physical
training makes the heart stronger and enables it
to pump the same amount of blood with fewer
beats. An athlete’s resting heart rate may be
only 40 to 60 beats per minute.
Diseases of the Heart System

a) Coronary Heart Diseases

b) Heart Valve Malfunctions
c) Heart Failure
 Coronary Heart Diseases
• Coronary heart disease, the
most common type of heart
disease in most
industrialized countries, It is
caused by the buildup of
fatty material called plaque
on the inside of the coronary
arteries Over the course of
many years, this plaque
narrows the arteries so that
less blood can flow through
them and less oxygen
reaches the heart muscle
 Heart Valve Malfunction
• Malfunction of one of the four valves within the
heart can cause problems that affect the entire
circulatory system. A leaky valve does not close
all the way, allowing some blood to flow
backward as the heart contracts. This backward
flow decreases the amount of oxygen the heart
can deliver to the tissues with each beat. A valve,
which is stiff and does not open fully, requires the
heart to pump with increased force to propel
blood through the narrowed opening. Over time,
either of these problems can lead to damage of
the overworked heart muscle
 Heart Failure
• The final stage in almost any type of heart
disease is heart failure, in which the heart
muscle weakens and is unable to pump enough
blood to the body. In the early stages of heart
failure, the muscle may enlarge in an attempt to
contract more vigorously, but after a time this
enlargement of the muscle simply makes the
heart inefficient and unable to deliver enough
blood to the tissues. Heart failure may develop
when the death of heart muscle in a heart attack
leaves the heart with less strength to pump
blood, or simply as a result of long-term oxygen
deprivation due to narrowed coronary arteries
 Presented By
Guidence & Material provided by
Mr. Rajesh Kumar
Science Master

Implementation on Computer by
Rajesh Beri
Computer Faculty

Govt. Sen. Sec. School, Town Hall, Amritsar

This material is obtained from Subject book of Science

and Encarta Encyclopedia