Basic Electrical Design NEC Code Applications Class 101

Jim Fuller 4/9/08

Two basic principles

Heat is your Enemy
Harmonic overheat transformers Overheating motors Overheating wire and circuit breaker

Energy is conserve: Law of Conservation

Transformer: Input = Output + losses Motor: input = output + losses

Objective
Electrical Codes Enclosures Basic Electrical Formulas Conduit Sizing Cable Ampacity Table NEC 310-16 Conductor Sizing Sizing Transformer CB, Cable and Conduit Transformer Formula Ground Wire Sizing Sizing Conductor and OCPD for 480V Motors Rule of Thumb

Electrical Codes
NFPA 70 = NEC (national Electrical code)
(sizing wire, conduit, transformer, safety and etc.)

NFPA (National Fire Protection Assoc.)

(example NFPA 101 life safety fire alarm, egress and etc..)

UL = national laboratory
(testing lab for quality of equipment)

NEMA National Electrical Manuf Assoc.

(Quality of equipment, size i.e. MG-1 for motors

IEEE
(Manuf criteria, example BIL level, short circuit rating)

Nema type Enclosures

NON-CLASSIFIED LOCATION ENCLOSURESNEMA enclosures 2, 5, 12, 12K and 13 are not intended to provide protection against conditions such as internal condensation. NEMA enclosures 3, 3R, 38, 4, 4X, 6 and 6P are not intended to provide protection against conditions such as internal condensation or internal icing.
Type 1 Enclosures Type 1 enclosures are intended for indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against limited amounts of falling dirt in locations where unusual service conditions do not exist. Type 2 Enclosures Type 2 enclosures are intended for indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against limited amounts of falling water and dirt. Type 3 Enclosures Type 3 enclosures are intended for outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against rain, sleet, and wind-blown dust; and to be undamaged by the formation of ice on the enclosure. Type 3R Enclosures Type 3R enclosures are intended for outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against rain and sleet; and to be undamaged by the formation of ice on the enclosure. They must have a provision for a drain hole. Type 3S Enclosures Type 38 enclosures are intended for outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against rain, sleet, and wind- blown dust, and to provide for operation of external mechanisms when ice laden. Type 4 Enclosures Type 4 enclosures are intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against windblown dust and rain, splashing water, and hose-directed water; and to be undamaged by the formation of ice on the enclosure. Type 4X Enclosures Type 4X enclosures are intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against corrosion, windblown dust and rain, splashing water, and hose-directed water; and to be undamaged by the formation of ice on the enclosure. Type 5 Enclosures Type 5 enclosures are intended for indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against settling airborne dust, falling dirt, and dripping noncorrosive Type 4 Enclosures Type 4 enclosures are intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against windblown dust and rain, splashing water, and hose-directed water; and to be undamaged by the formation of ice on the enclosure. Type 4X Enclosures Type 4X enclosures are intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against corrosion, windblown dust and rain, splashing water, and hose-directed water; and to be undamaged by the formation of ice on the enclosure. Type 5 Enclosures Type 5 enclosures are intended for indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against settling airborne dust, falling dirt, and dripping noncorrosive Type 6 Enclosures Type 6 enclosures are intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against hose-directed water and the entry or water during temporary submersion at a limited depth; and to be undamaged by the formation of ice on the enclosure. Type 6P Enclosures Type 6P enclosures are intended for indoor or outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against hose-directed water and the entry of water during prolonged submersion at a limited depth; and to be undamaged by the formation of ice on the enclosure. Type 12 Enclosures Type 12 enclosures are intended for indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against circulating dust, falling dirt, and dripping noncorrosive liquids. Type 12K Enclosures Type 12K enclosures are intended for indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against circulating dust, falling dirt, and dripping noncorrosive liquids. The knockouts shall be provided only in the top or bottom walls, or both. Type 13 Enclosures Type 13 enclosures are intended for indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against lint, dust, spraying of water, oil, and noncorrosive coolant. CLASSIFIED LOCATION ENCLOSURES Type 7 Enclosures Type 7 enclosures are for indoor use in locations classified as Class I, Groups A, B, C, or D, as defined in the National Electrical Code. Type 8 Enclosures Type 8 enclosures are for indoor or outdoor use in locations classified as Class I, Groups A, B, C, or D, as defined in the National Electrical Code. Type 9 Enclosures Type 9 enclosures are intended for indoor use in locations classified as Class II, Groups E, F, and G, as defined in the National Electrical Code. Type 10 Enclosures (MSHA)Type 10 enclosures shall be capable of meeting the requirements of the Mine Safety and Health Administration, 30 C.F:R., Part 18.

Basic Electrical Formula: Three Phase Systems

Volts = I x R = amps x resistance

= Input Watts x PF 1000

= Input Kilowatts KVA

Basic Electrical Formula: Single Phase Systems

Volts = I x R = amps x resistance

Conduit fill (sizing)

5 PVC, (3) 1/c 500MCM, #1/0 G 15KV

5.047

20.0

6.2

8.0

10.6

Sample Problem: Is 5 inch conduit sufficient for (3) 1/c00MCM 15KV + 1/0 Grd 15KV?

% fill =

total area of cables x 100 Area of Conduit

Area of Cable = = 3 (p

x (1.49 Dia)2 + (p x (1.07 Dia) 2 = 6.13 inch2 4 4

4

Area of Conduit = = 3 (p x (5.047 Dia)2 = 20 inch2 % fill = Area of conduitx100 =6.13 inch2 x100 = 30% Total area of cables 20 inch2

Cable Ampacity per NEC

600 C < 100A The lug rating of CB, starter, disc sw are based on 75deg C. If specified in spec then the wires can be based on 75deg C

750 C > 100A

900 C ambient

Conductor Sizing
Sections 220-3(a), 220-10(b), and 384-16(c). The NEC requires the branch circuit computed load for conductor sizing to be sized at 125% of the continuous load, plus the noncontinuous load (100%).
Continuous Load: above 3 hours i.e.. Lighting, HVAC motors Non continuous Load: less than 3 hours, i.e.. Bridge crane, elevators

Example: 175 amp continuous load 175A x 125% = 218.7A Choose next size larger from NEC table 310.16a = #4/0 AWG

Sizing Transformer CB and cable and conduits

based on 30 deg C ambient and 75 deg C cable

Example: 75KVA transformer = 125A CB, HV cable; 3#2 in 1 C, LV cable 3#4/0 & 1#6 in 2 C

Transformer Formula
Suppose we have a 500kVA, 480V delta/208 wye/120V transformer. What are the transformer's primary and secondary currents?

ILine = (rated kVA x 1000) / (1.73 x VLine) =(500 x 1000) / 1.73 x 480) =500,000 / 830=603A

ILine =(rated kVA x 1000) / (1.73 x VLine) =(500 x 1000) / 1.73 x 208) =500,000 / 360=1388A

Ground Conductor Sizing

http://www.electrician2.com/calculators/t122_122.html

Equipment ground

(Ground Conductor for OCPD for motors)

System Ground (Ground

conductor for Service entrance)

Sizing Conductor and OCPD for Motors

example

Motor Full Load current NEC table 430.250 Motor Lock rotor Current NEC table 430-251 (b)

Example: 60HP, 150A MCP, 100A Disc Switch, 3#2 + 1#6 in 1 inch conduit

Cable Ampacity NEC 310.16 Ground wire NEC 250.122

Rule of Thumb
Electrical principles Receptacle are usually rated 180VA but we usually only put 5 or 6 per circuit because of computer loads. At 480V : 1HP = 1KW Min. size power circuit is #12AWG Instrument cable is #18 or #16 for single pair and #24 for multi-pair Heat is your enemy in electrical design Energy is conserved in transformer: amps go up then voltage goes down, volts go up then current goes down

Conclusion
Electrical Codes Enclosures Basic Electrical Formulas Conduit Sizing Cable Ampacity Table NEC 310-16 Conductor Sizing Sizing Transformer CB, Cable and Conduit Transformer Formula Ground Wire Sizing Sizing Conductor and OCPD for 480V Motors Rule of Thumb