TREATMENTS OF OBESITY

SUBMITTED BY:
PRIYANKA.V.CHAUGHULE

GUIDED BY:
Dr.(Mrs.) SUDHA RATHOD
 TREATMENT OF OBESITY

INTRODUCTION:

Obesity may be considered a chronic pathological

condition resulting from complex interactions
between cultural, psychological and genetic factors.
During the past 30–40 years, a markedly increased
emphasis on its control has, in part, resulted from
evidence of risks to the health of the obese by a
spectrum of metabolic disorders.
 What is obesity ?
 Obesity is becoming increasingly common throughout the
world
 Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder. Obesity
is the accumulation of excessive body fat.
 BMI= wt. in kg./(Height in m)2
 Underweight: Less than 17.9
 Normal: 18 to 25
 Overweight: 25.1 to 29.9
 Obese:
 Moderate: 30 to 40
 Severe: More than 40
 Types of obesity
 It is hard to make a cut and dried
classification of obesity.

Android:

Gynoid:

The third type

 Contributing factors to obesity
 1. The Gene, GAD2

 2. Snacks can make

people obese and high-
wired
 3. Fast food infiltration in our
culture

 4. Lack of physical activity

 5. Food has tremendous social

meaning
 6. Energy imbalance
WeightGain:
Calories Consumed > Calories Used

WeightLoss:
Calories Consumed < Calories Used

NoWeightchange
Calories Consumed = Calories Used
 7. Larger Portion sizes

 8. Diseases and Drugs

 9. Negative Emotions
 Relation of obesity & other diseases
 Obesity is associated with :
 High blood pressure and high blood cholesterol
 Coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure
 Type 2 diabetes
 Osteoarthritis
 Gallstones
 Low back pain
 Heartburn
 Gout
 Obstructive sleep apnea and other respiratory problems
 Some types of cancer, including endometrial, breast, prostate and colon
 Complications of pregnancy
 Poor female reproductive health such as menstrual irregularities, infertility
 Bladder control problems (e.g., stress incontinence)
 Psychological disorders including depression, eating disorders, distorted
body image and low self esteem
 Various methods of treatment
available
 Specific treatment for obesity is determined
based on:
 Age, overall health, and medical history
 Extent of overweight or obesity
 Tolerance for specific medications, procedures,
or therapies
 Expectations for the course of the condition
 Patient’s opinion or preference
 Surgical treatment
 Medical treatment
 Exercise
 Diet
 Environmental factors
 Support groups
 SURGERIES:
 Adjustable gastric
banding (AGB)
 The US Food and
Drug Administration
(FDA) approved an
AGB system in 2001
 Vertical banded
gastroplasty (VBG)
Potential candidates for bariatric surgery
include:
 Persons with a Body Mass Index (BMI)

greater than 40
 Men who are 100 pounds over their ideal body

weight or women who are 80 pounds over

their ideal body weight
 Persons with a BMI between 35 and 40 who

have another condition such as obesity-related

type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, or heart disease
 Risks of the procedure:

 Infection
 Blood clots developed in legs or lungs
 Pneumonia
 Bleeding ulcer
 Development of gallstones
 Metabolic or nutritional deficiencies resulting
in anemia or osteoporosis
Gastric Bypass (Malabsorptive) Surgery
 Roux-en-Y gastric
bypass (RGB)
 Biliopancreaticdiversion (BPD)
Potential candidates for bariatric surgery
include:
 persons with a Body Mass Index (BMI)

greater than 40
 men who are 100 pounds over their ideal body

weight or women who are 80 pounds over

their ideal body weight
 persons with a BMI between 35 and 40 who

have another condition such as obesity-related

type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, or heart disease
 Risks of the procedure:

 Infection
 Blood clots developed in legs or lungs
 Pneumonia
 Bleeding ulcer
 Development of gallstones
 Stomach likage.
Abdominoplasty (Tummy Tuck)
 It is performed to remove excess skin and
fat from the middle and lower abdomen and
to tighten the muscles (rectus abdominis or
"abs") of the abdominal wall. These
muscles are tightened by pulling them close
together and stitching them into their new
position. This provides a firmer abdominal
wall and narrows the waistline.
 Liposuction
 . Lipoplasty is not an
appropriate or effective
treatment for obesity.
Liposuction cannot treat
obesity (the accumulation
of excessive calories in the
form of stored body fat).
All liposculpture can do is
remove localized pockets
of fat to create a more
pleasing body shape: it
cannot reduce calorie
intake
Tumescent Method of Lipoplasty
 Clinical evidence indicates that tumescent
lipoplasty has a number of specific benefits
and advantages over other types and
techniques of liposuction, including:
 - Less need for general anesthesia
- Less post-operative pain
- Less need for pain-killers, analgesics
 Panniculectomy Plastic Surgery
Operation
 The plastic surgical procedure
known as panniculectomy is
designed to remove excess skin and
body fat
 DRUGS
 Weight-loss medications should always be
combined with a program of healthy eating
and regular physical activity.

 Appetite suppressants

 Lipase inhibitors
 Potential Benefits Of Medication Treatment
 Potential Risks and Areas Of Concern
When Considering Medication Treatment
 Potential For Abuse Or Dependence
 Development Of Tolerance
 Reluctance To View Obesity As A Chronic
Disease
 Side Effects
SOME NEWER DEVELOPMENTS

 Leptin
 Drugs Acting at Neuropeptide Receptors
 Neuropeptide Y (NPY) antagonist
 Other Peptides
 EXERCISE
 Increased energy expenditure
 Decreased appetite

 Increased fat oxidation

EXERCISE PRESCRIPTIONS FOR

WEIGHT LOSS AND WEIGHT
MAINTENANC
DIET
 CONCLUSION
 Obesity counts for 300,000 premature deaths per year.
 “Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in the developed world, and the
second most preventable cause of death after smoking.”
 Treatment for obesity include:
 Diet
 Exercise
 Medical treatment
 Surgical treatment
 Although you cannot change your genetic makeup, you can change your eating
habits and levels of activity. Try these techniques that have helped some people
lose weight and keep it off:
 Learn how to choose more nutritious meals that are lower in fat.
 Learn to recognize and control environmental cues (like inviting smells) that make
you want to eat when you're not hungry.
 Become more physically active.
 Keep records of your food intake and physical activity.
 What was really needed is a campaign to educate our minds - and stomachs.
We need urgent action. The time for action is now.
 REFERENCES:
 1 www.merck.com
 2 Pharmacology by Rang & Dale
 -H.P.Rang,M.M.Dale,J.M.Ritter
 5th edition
 3 Lippincott’s text book of pharmacology
 -Mary J. Mysek,Richard Harvey
 2nd edition
 4 www.hashmi.com
 5 www.womenfitness.net
 6. www.healthlink.mcw edu
 7 www.columbiasurgery.org
 8 www.uchospitals.edu
 9 www.weight.com
 10 www.bariatric.surgery.info
 11 www.healthlink.org
 12 www.win.com
 13 http://edrv.endojournals
 14 www.endotext.org
 15 www.healthallrefer.com
 THE END

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