HERBAL

ANTI- MICROBIAL
AGENTS

Seminar by:
PAYAL SHAH
Chemical anti-microbial agents

 They are drugs effective in treatment against

infection due to there selective toxicity ability
to kill an invading micro-organism.
 They are selected on basis of:
 Infection
 Cost of therapy
 Safety of agents
 Sensitivity to particular agent and
 Patient factor
Classification
 Sulfonamides e.g.: Sulfadiazine, Dapsone
 Diaminopyrimidines e.g.: Trimethoprime
 Qinolines e.g.: Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin
 B-lactam antibiotics e.g.: penicillin, cephalosporin
 Tetracycline e.g.: Oxytetracycline, Doxycycline
 Amino glycosides e.g.: Gentamycin
 Macrolids e.g.: Erythromycin
 Nitrobenzene derivatives e.g.: chlormphenicol
 Imidazole derivative e.g.: Clotrimazole
 Others e.g.: Rifampicin, Clindamycin
Problems arising with use of
chemical anti-microbial agents
 Toxicity
 Local irritancy
 Systemic toxicity
 Hypersensitivity
 Super infection
 Because of above reason HERBAL ANTI-
MICROBAL AGENTS are used.
 These are drugs obtained from natural sources such
as plant including roots, stem, flowers, bark etc.
St. John’s Wort
St. Johns Wort
 Latin name: Hypericium Perforatum
 Family: Hypericaceae
 Synonym: Hypericum, Millepertuis
 Parts used: Herb
 Chemical constituents: Hypericin is active chemical constituent
 Mechanism of action: by inhibition of metabolism
 Most effective anti bacterial anti viral effect
 Used in psycho vegetative disturbance, depression and nervous
disturbance
 Side effects causes dizziness, tiredness, photo toxicity, photo
allergy etc.
Melissa
Melissa
 Latin name: Melissa Officinals
 Family: Labiatae
 Synonym: Lemon balm, sweet balm, bee balm, honey plant
 Parts used: dried leaves and flowering tops
 Chemical constituent: Geranial is an active constituent
 Active component is caffeic acid which shows anti viral effect
 Mechanism of action: by inhibiting protein synthesis
 It is used as mild sedative and as antispasmodic to treat
menstrual cramps
 It causes burning sensation, irritation, drowsiness
Echinacea
Echinacea
 Latin name: Echinacea Angustifolia
 Family: Asteraceaea / Compositae
 Synonym: Black Sampson, cone flower
 Parts used: Rhizome, root
 Chemical constituent: Tussilagine is active
constituent
 Mechanism of action: by inhibition of cell wall
synthesis
 Shows anti bacterial activity by inhibiting enzyme
hyluronidase
 Used as antiseptic, antiviral
 Side effects causes fever, nausea, vomiting etc.
GoldenSea
l
Goldenseal
 Latin name: Hydrastis Canadensis
 Family: Ranuncul Aceae
 Synonym: Yellow root
 Parts used: Rhizome, root
 Chemical constituent: Berberine is an active constituent
 Mechanism of action :by inhibiting nucleic acid function and
synthesis
 Used as somatic, oxytoxic, laxative etc.
 Side effects:nausea, vomiting, breathing failure or numbness
 It interacts with anticoagulant activity of heparin
Neem
Neem
 Latin name: Azadircalita Indica
 Family: Meliaccae
 Synonym: Neem, Nimba
 Parts used: Bark, leaves, branches, seed, latex
 Chemical constituent: Azadircalita is an active
constituent
 Mechanism of action: by inhibiting metabolism
 Effective against E.coli, H. influenza, gonococci etc.
 Externally used in application of skin diseases
Cinnamon
Cinnamon
 Latin name: Cinnamomum Zeylanicum
 Family: Lauraceae
 Synonym: Cinnamon bark, kalmi-dalchini, ceylon cinnamon
 Parts used: Inner bark
 Chemical constituent: Cinnamaldehyde is active constituent
 It shows anti microbial activity against cell wall of bacteria and
cell membrane
 Used as carminative, antimicrobial, antiseptic, anthelmintic
 It causes irritation and sensitizing effect
Garlic
Garlic
 Latin name: Allium Sativum
 Family: Lillaceae
 Synonym: Allium, garlic, lasun
 Parts used: Bulb(clove)
 Chemical constituents: Sulfur compounds are
important chemical constituent
 Anti microbial action against gm positive gm
negative bacteria
 Used as bacteriostatic, expectorant, anti viral,
antiseptic, anthelmintic
 It causes loss of appetite nausea, vomiting etc.
Turmeric
Turmeric
 Latin name: Curcumin Domestica
 Family: Zingiberacea
 Synonym: Indian saffron, Haldi
 Parts used: Rhizome
 Chemical constituent: Curcumin is an active constituent
 Shows anti microbial, anti tumorial, antioxidant, anti inflammatory
effects
 Metabolities are formed in liver
 Used for kidney inflammation, fever, headaches, colds, worms,
itching, etc.
 It causes stomach complaints, epigastric distress and nausea
THANK YOU