Aim

To give a real view about Bangladesh.

 Sequence
About me Festivals Military & Defense
Country name Historical Famous personalities
Location & Coordinates Monuments Sports
Geographical Position Arts & Crafts Dark side of the moon
Area & area comparative Museum Questions
Language Beauty of nature Conclusion
Population & Density Forest
Climate Hospital
Brief history Shopping Mall
List of Dynasties Park & Amusement
People Hotel
Divisions, districts & upazilas Transportation
Capital & main cities Roads & Bridges
Foreign policy Airports
Government & Politics Communications
Food & food habit Media
Clothes Currency
Religion Economy
Mosques and temples Education
 About me
• Full Name:
• Nick Name:
• Country: Bangladesh
• Hometown:
• Born:
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 Country name

Conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh

Conventional short form: Bangladesh

Former: East Bengal, East Pakistan

National flag National emblem

 Location & Coordinates

Bangladesh is a country in south Asia. It is bordered by

India on all sides except for a small border with Myanmar
to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south.
Together with the Indian state of West Bengal, it makes up
the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal.

Its geographical coordinate is 24 00 N, 90 00 E

Geographical Position
Pakistan Nepal
Bhutan

China

India

Myanmar
Bay
of Bengal
Geographical Position
Geographical Position
Geographical Position
Geographical Position
Geographical Position
 Area & area comparative
Total area of Bangladesh is 147,570 sq km. Mostly flat
alluvial plain; hilly in southeast.

Shaanxi province is 1.4 times larger

than Bangladesh.

Bangladesh
Shaanxi, China
 National Symbols

Hilsha Fish
Royal Bengal Tiger

Magpie Robin

Jackfruit
Water Lily
 Language
• Bengali is the official language of Bangladesh. It is also spoken in
West Bengal of India. Bangladeshis protected Bengali from the
clutches of Pakistani oppressors in 1952 by preventing Urdu from
being the state language of East Pakistan where a vast majority of
people spoke in Bengali. Bangladeshis had to sacrifice lives for their
mother tongue on 21st February, 1952. 21st February being
declared International Mother Language Day by UNESCO,
Bengali reached the peak of maturity.

• Evolution: Bengali's direct ancestor is a form of Magadhi Prakrit or

Middle Indo-Aryan which descended from Sanskrit or Old Indo-
Aryan. Bengali evolved mainly from Sanskrit. Also Hindi, Urdu,
Farsi, English--all contributed lots of words and terms to form this
language.

• English is second official language and widely used in everywhere.

 Population & Density
• The population of Bangladesh is about 130 million.
• Bangladesh has one of the highest population densities in
the world. Its 130 million inhabitants as many people as of
the United States population, live in a land mass
approximately the same size as England and Wales, or of
the US state of Wisconsin.
• If the entire global population moved into the territory of the
United States, even then the United States would not have
as many people per square foot of land as Bangladesh.
• The annual population growth rate of Bangladesh's
population is 1.8% per year. Based on current population,
this is a growth rate of 2.3 million people per year.
 Climate
Basically tropical monsoon. The climate is one of the wettest
in the world. Most places receive more than 1,525 mm of
rain in a year, and areas near the hills receive 5,080 mm.
Most rains occur during the monsoon (June-September) and
little in winter (November-February).

Mild winter (October to February), January is the coolest

month with temperature averaging near 10 deg C (50 d F).

Hot, humid summer (March to June), April is the warmest

with temperature from 33 to 36 deg C (91 to 96 deg F).

Humid, warm rainy monsoon (July to October).

 Brief history
The Indus Civilization: The Indus Valley
Civilization (3000–1500 BC, flourished–1900 BC)
was one of the four ancient civilizations that
flourished in South Asia, primarily in the Indus
(name of one river in India) valley, extending from
Balochistan (Present Pakistan. The western part
of south Asia) to Bengal (present Bangladesh
and east part of India. The eastern part of south
Asia). The mature phase of this civilization is
known as the Harappan Civilization.
 Brief history
Until 1947 Bangladesh was a part of Historical
Indian subcontinent and it was called Bengal
(present Bangladesh and east part of India).

Bangladesh came to today's shape through a

long history of political evolution. Bengal was the
wealthiest part of the Indian subcontinent till the
16th century (till the British colonialism was
established) due to huge fertile cultivable land
and maritime facility for business.
 Brief history
The area's early history featured a succession of Indian
empires, internal squabbling, and a tussle between
Hinduism and Buddhism for dominance. All of this was
just a prelude to the unstoppable tide of Islam which
washed over northern India & Bengal at the end of the
12th century. Mohammed Bakhtiar Khalzhi from Turkistan
(Turkish) captured Bengal in 1199 with only 20 men. Still
it is the most wonder in the subcontinent history. Under
the Mughal viceroys (Muslim rule), art and literature
flourished, overland trade expanded and Bengal was
opened to world maritime trade - the latter marking the
death knell of Mughal power as Europeans began to
establish themselves in the region.
 Brief history
The Portuguese arrived as early as the 15th century but
were ousted in 1633 by local opposition. The East India
Company of British negotiated terms to establish a
fortified trading post in Calcutta (part of Bengal, now in
India) in 1690.

The decline of Mughal power led to greater provincial

autonomy, heralding the rise of the independent dynasty
of the Nawabs (King) of Bengal. But eventually the British
East Indian Company took over the whole India including
Bengal and put it under direct authority of British empire.
 Brief history
The British established an organizational and social
structure in Bengal, became one of the most important
centers for commerce, modern education and culture in
the Indian subcontinent. English took the place of second
important language. However, many Bangladeshi
historians blame the British dictatorial agricultural policies
and promotion of the semi-feudal zamindar system for
draining the region of its wealth and damaging its social
fabric.
 Brief history
At the closure of World War II it was clear that British
colonialism had run its course and Indian independence
was inevitable. Independence was attained in 1947 but
the struggle was bitter and divisive, especially in Bengal
where the fight for self-government was complicated by
internal religious conflict. The British, realizing any
agreement between the Muslims and Hindus was
impossible, decided to partition the subcontinent
according to the religion. That Bengal and Punjab, the
two overwhelmingly Muslim regions, appeared as East
and West Pakistan, lay on opposite sides of India was
only one stumbling block
 Brief history
Inequalities between East & West Pakistan soon stirred
up a sense of Bengali nationalism. When the Pakistan
government declared that `Urdu and only Urdu' would be
the national language, the Bengali speaking Bengalis
decided it was time to assert their cultural identity. The
drive to reinstate the Bengali language metamorphosed
into a push for self-government.
 Brief history
Awami League, a nationalistic party, won a majority in the
1971 national elections, the president of Pakistan, faced
with this unacceptable result, postponed opening the
National Assembly. Riots and strikes broke out in East
Pakistan, the independent state of Bangladesh was
unilaterally announced, and Pakistan sent troops to quell
the rebellion.

The ensuing war was one of the shortest and bloodiest of

modern times, with the Pakistan army occupying all major
towns, using napalm against villages, and slaughtering
and raping villagers. Bangladeshis refer to Pakistan's
brutal tactics as attempted genocide.
 Brief history
Beside the war in Bangladesh, border clashes between
Pakistan and India increased as Indian-trained
Bangladeshi guerrillas crossed the border. When the
Pakistani air force made a pre-emptive attack on Indian
forces, a tri-nation war broke out. Indian troops crossed
the border and the Pakistani army found itself being
attacked from the east by the Indian army, the north and
east by Bangladeshi guerrillas and from all quarters by
the civilian population. Finally 16 December 1971
Pakistan army surrendered and Bangladesh, the world's
139th country, officially came into existence.
 List of Dynasties
• Brihadratha Dynasty (1700-799 • Ilyas Dynasty (restored) (1437-1486
BC) AD)
• Pradyota dynasty (799-684 BC) • Habshis Dynasty (1486-1494 AD)
• Shishunaga Dynasty (684-424
• Husaini Dynasty (1494-1538 AD)
BC)
• Nanda Dynasty (424-321 BC) • Suri Dynasty (1539-1564 AD)
• Maurya Dynasty (321-184 BC) • Karani (Kararani) Dynasty (1564-1576
• Shunga Dynasty (184-73 BC) AD)
• Kanva Dynasty (73-26 BC) • Nawabs of Bengal (1703-1757 AD)
• Gupta Dynasty (26 BC-550 AD) • British Rule in Bengal (1757-1947 AD)
• Pala Dynasty (750-1161 AD)
• Pakistan Rule in Bengal (1947-1971
• Sena Dynasty (1161-1250 AD)
AD)
• Ilyas Dynasty (1st period)
(1250-1415 AD)
• Ganesa Dynasty (1415-1436
AD)
 People
Bangladesh today is an ethnically homogenous society, with 98% of
its people of Bengali descent. This ethnic homogeneity means that
Bangladesh experiences few of the ethnic conflicts that dominate life
elsewhere in south- asia.

Ethnic divisions: Bengali 98%, Biharis 250,000, tribal less than 1

million
Religions: Muslim 83%, Hindu 16%, Buddhist, Christian, others 1%

Bangladesh is the 2nd largest Muslim countries in the world. Biharis,

who are not ethnic Bangalees, are Urdu-speaking Muslim refugees
from Bihar and other parts of northern India. They once dominated
the upper levels of the society. The majority of the tribal population
live in hills and rural areas. They differ in their social organization,
marriage customs, birth and death rites, food, and other social
customs from the people of the rest of the country. They speak
Tibeto-Burman languages.
Divisions, districts & upazilas
Bangladesh is divided into six administrative
divisions, each named after their respective
divisional headquarters:

1. Barisal
2. Chittagong
3. Dhaka
4. Khulna
5. Rajshahi
6. Sylhet
Divisions, districts & sub districts
Divisions are subdivided into districts (zila). There are 64 districts in
Bangladesh, each further subdivided into sub districts (upazila).

The area within each sub districts, except for those in metropolitan
areas, is divided into several unions, with each union consisting of
multiple villages. In the metropolitan areas, sub districts are divided
into wards, which are further divided into mahallas.

There are no elected officials at the divisional, district or sub district

levels, and the administration is composed only of government
officials. Direct elections are held for each union (or ward), electing
a chairperson and a number of members. In 1997, a parliamentary
act was passed to reserve three seats (out of twelve) in every union
for female candidates.
 Divisions, districts

6 Divisions
&
64 Districts
 Capital & main cities
Capital (Administrative) and largest city: Dhaka.
Commercial Capital & 2nd largest city: Chittagong
Other major cities: Khulna, Rajshahi, Barisal & Sylhet.

Chittagong & Khulna are two port cities.

These metropolitan cities have mayoral elections,

mayors are elected for a span of five years.
Dhaka
Dhaka
Dhaka
Dhaka
Dhaka
Dhaka
Dhaka
Dhaka
Chittagong
Chittagong
Chittagong
Chittagong
 Foreign policy
The theme of Bangladesh foreign policy is ‘Friendship to all, malice to
none’. Bangladesh is an active member of UN and commonwealth.
Bangladesh played a leading role in founding the South Asian
Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) in order to expand
relations with other South Asian states. SAARC is getting more & more
importance in Asia.
Bangladesh's most important and complex foreign relationships are
with India and Pakistan. These relationships are informed by historical
and cultural ties and form an important part of the domestic political
discourse. Recently relations with India have fluctuated for a number of
reasons several times.
Bangladesh enjoys relatively warm ties with the China. Between 2006-
07, trade between the two nations rose by 28.5% and there have been
agreements to grant various Bangladeshi commodities tariff-free
access to the Chinese market. Military cooperation between the Military
of Bangladesh and the People's Liberation Army is also increasing.
 Government & Politics
Bangladesh is following secular parliamentary democracy. The head
of the government is Prime Minister and the head of the state is
President. While the Prime Minister is formally appointed by the
President, he or she must be an MP who commands the confidence
of the majority of parliament. The president is a largely ceremonial
post elected by the parliament.

Direct elections involving all citizens over the age 18 are held every
five years for the parliament. The parliament/National Assembly
consists of 330 members. 300 members are elected for a five-year
term in single-seat constituencies and 30 women are elected by the
parliamentarians.

President's powers are substantially expanded during the tenure of

a caretaker government, which is responsible for the conduct of
elections and transfer of power. The members of the caretaker
government must be neutral and are given three months to
complete their task.
Government & Politics

National Assembly Building

 Government & Politics
The highest judiciary body is the Supreme Court, whose members
are appointed by the President. Laws are based on English
common law, but family laws such as marriage and inheritance are
based on religious scripts, and hence differ from one religious
community to another.

There are approximate 20 registered political parties but the two old
parties (Bangladesh Nationalist Party & Awami League) are
dominant. It is extremely difficult for anybody to achieve electoral
success under the banner of another party.

BNP Chairperson Dr. Khaleda Zia AL Chairperson Dr. Sheikh Hasina

Food & food habit
 Cuisine of Bangladesh
• The cuisine of Bangladesh has considerable regional
variations.
• A staple across the country however is rice and various
kinds of lentil or pulse, which is locally known as dal.
Fish is the major source of protein in the Bangladeshi
diet. There is also a saying which goes, "Mach-e Batth-e
Bangali" (Fish and rice make a Bengali)
• Another integral part of Bangladeshi cuisine is beef,
presence of which is a must in most of the feasts and
banquets across the country, though consumption of
beef is prohibited for minority hindus. Regional feasts
such as Mezbaan of Chittagong, Ziafat of Sylhet/Comilla
or Dawat of Dhaka will remain incomplete without
serving hot beef & Kabab.
 Regional cuisines
• South - Barisal Division, Chittagong Division and Khulna
Division, being close to sea, tend to have a larger use of
sea fishes in their cuisines as well as lots of coconut
milk. Shutki (Dry fish), is extremely popular in these
areas. Chittagong also exports shutki.

• Dhaka - As a cosmopolitan city that has historically been

the capital under Persia-Arabic rulers, Dhaka has a very
high level of Western influence in its cuisine. Dishes
involving fried rice and a lot of meat are usually legacies
of Dhaka's past as the capital of Bengali empires. Much
of this is still visible in the old city, where dishes like
birani, Mughlai porota and bakorkhani are made by
specialty stores, many of which have existed for over
several centuries.
 Regional cuisines
• The West and North-west have, until recently, been
untouched by the fashions and trends in the capital,
Dhaka. As a result, the high level of Persia-Arabic
influence in the cuisine in and around Dhaka area is
absent, or less pervasive, here. Vegetable curries
heavily occupy the main eating in these areas. Also,
higher level of use of spices is common. River fishes
(sweet water fishes) are common in the dishes.

• North-east - Large number of lakes around the Sylhet

Division encourages greater use of lake fishes in the
cuisine. Because of proximity to the hills in Assam,
several fruits and pickles that are otherwise absent in
rest of the country, such as satkorhai, are used in
cooking and serving, producing a distinct nature to the
dining menu here.