Prologic Recruitment Ltd

Training Division

A+ Part I Computer Hardware

NETWORKS

Mathew Abraham

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Networks
 OSI Model
 Topologies

- Ethernet
- Token-Ring
 Networking Equipments

 General Trouble shooting

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OSI – Open System Interconnect
 Developed by ISO & IEEE
7. Application layer – communicates wit applications
6. Presentation layer - translates, de/compress, de/encrypt
5. Sessions layer - Establishes Connections
4. Transport layer - Error Correction
3. Network layer – Routing, Finding Best Route
2. Data link layer – disassembles & assembles Data
segments
1. Physical layer – Passes Data onto wire

All People Seem To Need Data Processing

Please Do Not Throw Pizza Sausage Away

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OSI

Acknowledgement

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Network Topologies
 Two or more computers connected by
some mechanism to share information
 Ethernet

- Bus
- Star
 Token-Ring

- Ring
 Topology - Physical layout of the network

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Ethernet Bus- Thin net

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Thin net

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BNC – British Naval Connector

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Ethernet – Thick net

Auxiliary Unit Interface

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Vampire Tap

AUI

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Ethernet - Star
 Pros – Utilizes a Hub
- Easy to configure/expand
- Easier to trouble shoot
- If one pc fails only that pc is
affected.
 Cons
- Needs More Cabling
- Central Point of failure

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Hub

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Hub – How It looks?

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STAR
 Cat 5 cable, RJ45 Connector
 100M max cable length
 10 base T (twisted pair)

- UTP – unshielded
- STP – Shielded
 100 base T

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Cat 5 cable, RJ45 Connector

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NIC

activity 10 100

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Optical Fiber

(electro magnetic Interference)

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 HOW DATA IS PLACED ON WIRE
 CSMA/CD – carrier sense multiple
access with collision detection
Every one listens
Anyone can access if wire is free
Detects Collision

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Token - Ring
 IBM
 Token passing access method.
 Logical Ring/Physical Star.
 Connects via a MSAU (multi station
access unit)

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Token Ring

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How it works?

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Passing Token

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Token ring

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FDDI- Fiber Data Distributed Interface

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FDDI - Advantages

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Network Connectivity
 Repeater
 Hub
 Bridge
 Switch
 Router
 Gateway

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Repeater

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Hub

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BRIDEGE
 MAC (Media Access Control) 48 bit
number burnt into Network Adaptor
Card
 FILTERING

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Bridge

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Bridging Table

Bridging Table

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SWITCH

MAC Address Table

switch

HUB
HUB
HUB

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Router
If information is not local
it is sent to default Gateway

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Setting IP address

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OSI and devices
 Application layer – Gateway
 Presentation layer – Gateway
 Sessions layer - Gateway
 Transport layer – Gateway
 Network layer – Router
 Data Link Layer - Bridge, Switch
 Physical layer – Repeater, Hubs

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General Trouble Shooting

PING = packet internet work grouper

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Trouble shooting Bus Network

Time Domain Reflector

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