Conductometry ()

Conductometric Analysis
Fundamentals of conductometry
Conductivity measurements
Analytical applications of conductometric
measurements
Conductometric Analysis
Electrolyte solutions behave as an electrically conductive
medium. The change of electrolyte conductivity can indicate the
change of the concentration of the total ions, this method is
defined as conductometric Analysis

1.conductance(G) specific conductance (k)
molar conductance(A
m
)


GThe resistance reciprocal is called
conductance, its unit is Siemens

G =1/R

where 1S=1O
-1

Principles- basic property of electrolyte solution

k : The resistivity reciprocal is specific
conductance or electrolytic conductivity
k = G L / A its unit S cm
-1

= L / A (A the surface area of
electrodes; L the distance between electrodes)
KCl()

Ratio L/A is an intrinsic parameter of each
conductometric container and is called resistive
capacity of conductometric container
= L / A
(A
m
)
Because specific conductance depends on concentration we
introduce the term molar conductance A
m
c

k
=
m

UnitsS cm
2
mol
-1
Total conductance of the solution is directly
proportional to the sum of the n individual ion
contributions
G = c
i
A
m,i

Molar conductance at infinite dilution is the
characteristic constant for given electrolyte
( )

m
A
2. Conductance of ions
ions 10
4
K
+
73.52
Na
+
50.11
Li
+
38.69
H
+
349.82
Ag
+
61.92
Cl
-
76.34
Br
-
78.4
OH
-
198

Molar conductances of various ions at infinite dilution at 25

3. Factors which influence conductance
measurement
(1)Temperature
, ,.12%
(2)Solvent
25 C 0.8~1.0 S cm
-1

0.03~0.06 S cm
-1
,
1. Electrodes
Two parallel platinized Pt foil electrodes
or Pt black with electrodeposited a porous Pt film
which increases the surface area of the electrodes and
further reduces faradaic polarization.

2.Primary standard solutions
Primary standard KCl solution ,at 25, 7.419g of KCl in
1000g of solution has a specific conductivity of
0.01286
-1
/cm.


Conductivity measurements
3. Conductivity Cell
Avoid the change of temprature during
determination
4. DC and AC Conductometry
AC Conductometry can minimize the error
caused by electrode polarization
1. conductometric titration
Applications of Conductometric Analysis
conductometric titration is usually used in the determination of
dilute acids, weak acids and mixed acids

acids and bases titration curve
G = Kc Calibration curves and
standard-addition methods
2. application of direct conductometry
a. Determination of high purity water

Conductivity is used to determine the purity of
drink water , natural water, deionized water and
wastewater
Conductivity of high purity water is about 510
-8
S cm
-1

P23
b. Determination of the total concentration of
strong electrolyte solutions
salinity of soil and sea water

c. Determination of gaseous environmental
contaminant in air
eg. SO
3
NO
2
, acidic rain
determine the change of conductivity after
absorption