Power Electronics 1 (ELAE210E) Emerson Power Elec Scholars Batch 16 Engr.

Ernesto Vergara Instructor

1 Power factor in linear circuits Definition and calculation Importance of power factor in distribution systems 2 Power Factor Correction for Linear Loads 3 Power Factor Correction for Non-linear Loads Non-sinusoidal components 2.2 Distortion power factor 2.3 Switched-mode power supplies 2.4 Power factor correction in non-linear loads 2.4.1 Passive PFC 2.4.2 Active PFC

 The

product of the RMS voltage and RMS current. Measured in VA.

S = Vrms*Irms S = P + jQ S = P/cos()

S = Q/sin()

 The

actual power dissipated by the load. Measured in Watts.

P = S*cos() P = Q/tan()

It is the measure of the exchange of power between the source and the load. Measured in VAR.
Q = S*sin() Q = Ptan()

 The

power factor of an AC electric power system is defined as the ratio of the real power consumed by the load to the total apparent power drawn by the circuit, and is a dimensionless number between 0 and 1
pf = cos()

 The

process of increasing the power factor without altering the voltage or current to the original load.
Q = P[tan(1) tan(2)]

 Reduces

effective capacity of power supply -more reactive power = less real power Penalties for poor pf -reactive power charges -increased kWhr charges Systems Losses -transformer -increased CO2 emissions -equipment life cycle

 Removal

of reactive power charges Reduce cost of electricity Improve supply efficiency Reduced CO2 emissions

Reactive Power = 0

Apparent Power Boat 0 Real Power Horse

Apparent Power

Horse Reactive Power

1 Real Power Boat

Horse

Apparent Power 2 Real Power Boat Reactive Power

 When

connected to a 120Vrms 60Hz power-line, a load absorbs 4kW at a lagging power factor of 0.8. Find the value of capacitance necessary to raise the pf to 0.95.

Traditional methods of Power Factor Correction typically focus on Displacement Power Factor and therefore do not achieve the total energy savings available in facilities having both linear and nonlinear loads. Only through Total Power Factor Correction can the savings and power quality be maximized.

AC electrical loads where the voltage and current waveforms are sinusoidal. The current at any time is proportional to voltage.
Examples of Linear Loads are: Power Factor Improvement Capacitors Incandescent Lamp Heaters, etc

AC loads where the current is not proportional to the voltage. The nature of non-linear loads is to generate harmonics in the current waveform. This distortion of the current waveform leads to distortion of the voltage waveform. Under these conditions, the voltage waveform is no longer proportional to the current.
Non Linear Loads are : COMPUTER, LASER PRINTERS, SMPS, REACTIFIER, PLC, ELECTRONIC BALLAST, REFRIGERATOR, TV ETC.

Generation of HARMONICS in Current Waveform

Generation of HARMONICS in Current Waveform

Generation of HARMONICS in Current Waveform

Generation of HARMONICS in Current Waveform

Generation of HARMONICS in Current Waveform

Recall: FOURIER SERIES

Total power Factor

Displacement Power Factor

Distortion Power Factor

 Power

Factor Real Power Apparent Power Reactive Power Harmonics