WCDMA

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION DEPT.

Guide Ms. Aekta singh

Made by: Ajay raman (1011042808)

What is WCDMA
W-wideband C-code D-division M-multiple A-access

Its an evolved version of CDMA

CDMA (BRIEF INTRODUCTION)

CDMA stands for CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS Multiple users occupying the same band simultaneously by having different codes is known as Code Division Multiple Access or CDMA. This leads to universal frequency reuse. CDMA is a Spread Spectrum technique. Fast and accurate power control

Merits of CDMA

Exploits voice inactivity.

More suited for the mobile communication channel. Not susceptible to frequency selective fades.

Transmitted power levels are low. Battery life longer.

Rake receiver. Soft Handoff. All this leads to significant capacity gains in mobile channels.

Demerits
Strict power control requirement. Near Far problem The near-far problem is particularly difficult in CDMA systems where transmitters share transmission frequencies and transmission time. In contrast, FDMA and TDMA systems are less vulnerable.

History of WCDMA
W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a type of 3G cellular network. W-CDMA is the technology behind UMTS (a.k.a. 3GSM) and is allied with the 2G GSM standard. More technically, W-CDMA is a wideband spread-spectrum 3G mobile telecommunication air interface that utilizes code division multiple access (or CDMA the general multiplexing scheme, not to be confused with CDMA the standard). W-CDMA was developed by ETSI NTT DoCoMo as the air interface for their 3G network FOMA. Later NTT Docomo submitted the specification to ITU as a candidate for the international 3G standard known as IMT-2000. The ITU eventually accepted W-CDMA as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards. Later, W-CDMA was selected as the air interface for UMTS, the 3G successor to GSM.

Network arcitecutre of WCDMA

It consists of Core network: it supports switching RNS:radio network service comprises of RNC and RBS MS: mobile stations

GSM and WCDMA network

Key Features of WCDMA

The key operational features of the WCDMA radio interface are listed below: Supports high data rate transmission: 384 Kbps with wide area coverage, 2 Mbps with local coverage. High service flexibility: supports multiple parallel variable rate services on each connection. Both Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). Built in support for future capacity and coverage enhancing technologies like adaptive antennas, advanced receiver structures, and transmitter diversity. Supports inter frequency hand over and hand over to other systems, including hand over to GSM. Efficient packet access.

TECHNICAL FEATURES
3.5 TECHNICAL FEATURES Radio channels are 5 MHz wide. Supported mode of duplex: frequency division (FDD), Time Division (TDD) Employs coherent detection on both the uplink and downlink based on the use of pilot symbols and channels. Supports inter-cell asynchronous operation. Variable rate transmission on a 10 ms frame basis. Multicode transmission. Adaptive power control based on SIR (Signal-to-Interference Ratio). Multiuser detection and smart antennas can be used to increase capacity and coverag Multiple types of handoff (or handover) between different cells including soft handoff, softer handoff and hard handoff.

WCDMA -3G

From 1st to 3rd Generation

1st generation 2nd generation 3rd generation
High speed data Multiple services Global roaming

Analogue speech

Digital speech + medium-rate data GSM

NMT, AMPS, TACS

IMT-2000/UMTS

1980

1990

2000

Years

The Evolution 2G to-3G Evolution 2G 3G / IMT 2000

TDMA TDMA CDPD CDPD GSM GSM PDC / /PDC-P PDC PDC-P GPRS GPRS WCDMA WCDMA (FDD/TDD) (FDD/TDD) cdma2000 3X cdma2000 3X cdma2000 1X cdma2000 1X First step into 3G 64 - 144 kbps 2000/2001 3G phase 1 384 kbps - 2 Mbps 2001/2002 3G real time IP 384 kbps - 2 Mbps 2003+ Time
New spectrum

EDGE EDGE

Existing spectrum

cdmaOne cdmaOne

Existing spectrum

2G 28.8 kbps

Wcdma market
The figure shows the increasing demand of WCDMA technology in the market with time

Conclusion
An overview of the development of the WCDMA standard, starting with pioneering contributions in CDMA-based 3G in the early 1990s. WCDMA resulted from parallel European and Japanese 3G developments which were finally merged in 1997 to create the global WCDMA standard we know today, released in its first version in 1999. We then specifically described a number of important technical challenges and features of WCDMA. We showed that while the WCDMA and IS-95 standards both use the old CDMA technology, specific technical solutions adopted within the two standards are different. The main reason for this is differences in the overall requirements placed on the standards 3G versus 2G requirements. Also, since commercial deployment of WCDMA was expected several years later than that of IS- 95, more advanced solutions could be used in WCDMA due to the advances in signal processing technology.

References
Vishwanathan, T.(2006) Telecommunication Network and Switching,PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd,4th Edition. www.ericsson.com/thecompany/company_facts/organization http://www.ericsson.com/thecompany/company_facts/history http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_division_multiple_access OBrien, J. A. & Marakas, G. M. (2008). Management Information Systems. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin,3rd Edition.