Focus Question: How do you separate mixtures?

Investigation 1-1 Mixtures & Solutions

Safety First!
Investigate the properties of solid and liquid materials. Use a variety of tools and techniques. Never taste any material unless you have been given permission by the teacher to do so. Wear safety goggles when working with hazardous materials. Student roles

Matter
The stuff the world is made of Exists in 3 different forms
Solid, Liquid, Gas

Has mass & occupies space Investigate properties of matter Todays matter:
Gravel Powder - diatomaceous earth Salt - sodium chloride

Preparation
Use sticky notes to label 3 cups
G - gravel P - powder S - salt

Chemical manager brings cups to chemical station Measure 1 level spoon of each material into the matching cup
1 level spoon of gravel in G cup 1 level spoon of powder in P cup 1 level spoon of salt in S cup

Use correct spoon to measure each material Materials stay at the chemical station

Observations
Observe the materials informally - okay to look and touch, but not taste Scientists make careful observation and detailed records of their investigations. Record the properties of these 3 materials in Part 1 of Mixtures sheet Use hand lenses to help with observations What do you observe?

Adding Water
What do you think might happen if you add water to each cup containing the dry materials? Procedure:
Use syringe to add 50 ml of water into each cup Return syringe & water to bin when done Stir contents with stick Observe what happens Record observation on notebook sheet Part 2

Mixtures!
When you put two or more materials together, you make a mixture What is the mixture in each cup? What are other mixtures you use in your everyday life?

Separating Mixtures
Mixtures can always be taken apart How can these 3 mixtures be separated? Homework: Note ideas for separating mixtures. Goal is to separate the mixtures so that water is in one cup and solid material is in another.

Clean-up
Remove labels from cups Dispose of leftover solutions Save gravel on paper towel Throw away wet paper towels Rinse cups and replace in bins Add 3 sticky notes to each bin

How do you separate a mixture? (continued)

We left off with 3 mixtures
Gravel and water Powder and water Salt and water

Homework was to think about how to separate the mixtures so that the water was in one cup and the material was in another

Set-up
Recreate the 3 cups (G, P, S - 1 scoop of material in each) Add 50 ml of water to each cup & stir Label second set of cups G, P, & S

Screen
Filter might help to separate the mixtures One type of filter is a screen Read and follow procedures in Part 3 of notebook sheet
Select one of the mixtures - G, P, or S Place screen on top of a second cup with same label Stir mixture thoroughly Immediately pour the mixture through the screen Record results

Which mixtures were separated by the screen?

Filter Paper
Filter paper - fine-mesh screen with holes so small they cant be seen with naked eye Funnel and Filter paper set-up Stir Powder and Salt mixtures again Try to separate using filter paper Carefully open up filter papers and spread flat on paper towel Which mixture was separated by the filter? How are a screen and a paper filter similar? How are they different?

Solution
What happened to the salt mixture? If a solid and a liquid are mixed and..
The solid seems to disappear in the liquid The mixture cant be separated with a filter

It is a special kind of mixture called a solution Salt dissolves in water to make a saltwater solution Complete Thinking about Mixtures sheet

Clean-up
Remove labels from cups Dispose of leftover solutions Save gravel on paper towel Throw away filter papers and towels Rinse cups and replace in bins Add 6 sticky notes to each bin Get ready for vocabulary Homework - Read Mixtures (pg 3-7) and answer questions for next class

Vocabulary
Matter - can exist in three forms - solid, liquid, and gas Mixture - two or more materials stirred or mixed together Property - characteristic of an object, something you can observe such as size, color, shape, or texture

 Solution - a special mixture formed when a material dissolves in water.

Solutions are clear and cannot be separated with a filter

Dissolving - a process in which a solid material seems to disappear into a liquid Diatomaceous earth - the skeletal remains of aquatic organisms

Content
What happens when you add water to a cup containing a dry material? How can a mixture be separated? What happens when salt and water are mixed? Your questions?