Summer Training Presentation On

NATIONAL THERMAL POWER COPERATION (NTPC) PRESENTED BY :

AKSHAY MITTAL NIKUNJ MITTAL ANURADHA EC ( 4TH YEAR)

NTPC Limited (National Thermal Power Corporation) is the largest state-owned power generating company in India. It was incorporated in the year 1975 to accelerate power development in the country as a wholly owned company of the Government of India.

NTPC has installed capacity of 31,134 MW 15 coal based power stations (23,395 MW) 7 gas based power stations (3,955 MW) 4 power stations in Joint Ventures (1,794 MW).

 In 1991, it set up Ash Utilization Division to manage efficient use of the ash produced at its coal stations. This quality of ash produced is ideal for use in cement, concrete, cellular concrete, building material. In Forbes list of Worlds 2000 Largest Companies for the year 2009, NTPC occupies 317th place. Recognizing On its excellent performance and vast potential, Government of the India has identified NTPC as one of the jewels of Public Sector Navratnas and NTPC became a Maharatna company in May, 2010

A world class integrated power major, powering Indias growth, with increasing global presence

NTPC BADARPUR POWER PLANT

NTPC Badarpur has a installed capacity of 720 MW Derated Capacity 705 MW Coal Source from where the coal is provided for producing electrisity - Jharia Coal Fields Source of Water used is Agra Canal Beneficiary states is Delhi Unit Sizes 3X95 MW ,2X210MW

NTPC DADRI PLANT

Operational view of NTPC for the generation of electricity

Coal to Electricity .. Basics

Pollutants

Coal
Heat Loss

Super Heated Steam

Heat Loss In Condenser

Turbine Torque
Mech. Energy Loss

Alternating current in Stator

Elect. Energy Loss

ASH

Chemical Energy

Thermal Energy

Kinetic Energy

Electrical Energy

Why Coal?
RES 5% Nuclear 3% Hydel 26% Coal 55% Diesel 1% Gas 10%

Advantages of Coal Fuel Abundant availability Low cost Technology for Power Generation well developed. Easy to handle, transport, store and use

Shortcomings of Coal Low Calorific Value Large quantity to be handled Produces pollutants, ash Disposal of ash is problematic Reserves depleting fast

Share of Coal in Power Generation

Indias Coal Reserves are estimated to be 206 billion tonnes. Present consumption is about 450 million tonnes. Cost of coal for producing 1 unit of electricity (Cost of coal Rs 1000/MT)is Rs 0.75. Cost of Gas for producing 1 unit of electricity (Cost of Gas Rs 6/SMC)is Rs 1.20.

Boiler or steam generator

BASIC PRINCIPLE USED:

It is the Steam generating device used for a specific purpose in the Thermal Power Plant. Capable to meet variation according to the load demand Capable of generating steam in a range of operating pressure and temperature For utility purpose, it should generate steam uninterruptedly at operating pressure and temperature for running steam turbines.

Raw materials used in boilers :

1. Coal from mines - Used for producing heat energy in the Boiler 2. Ambient air - Used for the combustion 3. Water from natural resources (river, ponds) - Used as a Working fluid for steam generation, possessing heat energy The steam generator has to produce steam at highest purity, and at high pressure and temperature required for the turbine A 500MW steam generator consumes about 8000 tonnes of coal every day It will produce about 9500 tonnes of Carbon Dioxide every day

Steam Flows from Boiler to turbine

STEAM TURBINES are used as one of oldest prime mover technogies and are still in use A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into useful mechanical work by expanding the steam from high pressure to low pressure.

Bypass

Turbine

11

TURBINE COMPONENTS
CASING ROTOR BLADES SEALING SYSTEM STOP & CONTROL VALVES COUPLINGS & BEARINGS BARRING GEAR

turbine to Turbo Generator

This device converts Mechanical Energy produced by turbine into Electrical Energy.

 This turbo generator works on the principle

of Fardays Law of Electromagnetic Induction This law states that It has two parts: Stator Rotor

Generator Transformer

From the transformer the 3 phase supply is supplied to their destinations by the switchyard.

MANOMETRY LAB PYROMETRY LAB AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS LAB PROTECTION & INTERLOCKING LAB FURNACE SAFEGAURD SUPERVISORY SYSTEM LAB

This Lab. Consists of : Sensor Indicator Scale/Recorder

 It is a pressure measuring instrument, usually limited to measuring pressures near to atmospheric. The term manometer is often used to refer specifically to liquid column hydrostatic instruments.

 This lab deals with the instruments related to temperature measurement like:
Thermocouple Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)

 Used for the measurement of high temperature with a dual element made of Aluminum 16 Gauge.

 used as a primary sensing element operates on this principle of changes in electrical resistance Temperature Range:183C 540C Element Resistance at 0C : 100 ohm Accuracy:+/- 0.5

 Deals in automating the equipments and feeding routes. Provides safe operation under all plant disturbances and component failures. Requires 24 Volt DC, 4-20 mA to excite all the controls. System installed in BTPS is OLD RUSSIAN SYSTEMS. These are ACS (Automated Control System) which are slowly being replaced by DCS (Digital Controlled Systems).

 Interlocking : It is basically inter-connecting two or more equipments so that if one fails other can perform the task. Main Equipments of this lab:
o o o

Relays Fuses Circuit Breakers

 It is a protective device. It can detect wrong condition in electrical circuits by constantly measuring the electrical quantities flowing under normal and faulty conditions. Types:
o o

Current Relay Potential Relay

 It is a sheet piece of metal. It melts if a heavy current flows through it and breaks the circuit. Usually silver is used as a fuse material. Types:
o o o

Semi Enclosed Rewire able Fuse H.R.C Cartridge Fuse Miniature Current breakers

 In this lab, fuel firing system is monitored in the furnace. Oil is sprayed first for firing of coal in furnace so Light Diesel Oil (LDO) is used for ignition. The rate of oil flow is 6000 L/hr before firing.

ACTUATOR
Used for measuring flow Method to measure flow are via: 1.Quantity of flow- uses volumetric device. 2.Rate of flow- uses inferential device.