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Chapter 10
Reactions of acids
(usually these are method)s used for the preparation
of salts
2HCl + Ca → CaCl2 + H2
(a chloride salt)
What are the other types of
salts that can form?
contain H+
Acid Salts
Acid Salt
HCl NaCl chloride
HNO3 NaNO3 nitrate
H2SO4 sulphate
Na2SO4 or NaHSO4 (acid salt)
H2SO3 sulphite
Na2SO3 or NaHSO3 (acid salt)
H2CO3 carbonate
Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 (acid salt)
+ NaOH
No acidic H
Common examples are:
possible
Oxides
Hydroxides O 2−
OH −
Why prepare salts?... Uses…
They have many uses….
Fertilizers
e.g. ammonium nitrate NH4NO3
e.g. potassium nitrate KNO3
Food
e.g. flavouring, fillers, etc…
Industrial
e.g. modifying properties of cement mixtures,
paint formulations, fillers in plastics, inks and
medical industry, etc…
Solubility table
Nitrates All soluble
All soluble except C,L,B
Sulphates
Calcium, Lead, Barium
Mnemonics: Chinese-Language B
soluble
e thod
insoluble M
Salt precipitation
Preparation of Salts
of 2 soluble aqueous solutions
soluble
o d
Acid + M eth M
M
+ C insoluble Acid + excess C
+ B M,C,B B
soluble
M,C,B
t hod
Me Titration Salt solution
(acid+alkali)
Crystallize
What must we know before determining
a method of preparing them?
E.g. if we want to prepare calcium sulphate (plaster of
paris) or calcium chloride, how can we do it?
1st – determine if the salt to be prepared is soluble or
insoluble? (if insoluble, precipitation → )
e.g.
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
M of NH3 = 17
r
M of (NH4)2SO4 = 132
r
NaOH
Excess NaOH
ppt dissolves White ppt