Enzymes: Helper Protein molecules Your job: find the 10 notes!

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2009-2010

Flow of energy through life Life is built on chemical reactions

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Chemical reactions of life Processes of life

building molecules
synthesis

+ +

breaking down molecules

digestion

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Nothing works without enzymes! How important are enzymes?

1. all chemical reactions in living organisms require enzymes to work

building molecules synthesis enzymes breaking down molecules digestive enzymes
enzyme

+
enzyme

We cant live without enzymes!

2. enzymes speed up reactions

catalysts

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Examples synthesis
+ enzyme

digestion
enzyme
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Enzymes are proteins 3. Each enzyme is the specific helper to

a specific reaction
each enzyme needs to be the right shape for the job 4. enzymes are named for the reaction they help (and end in ase)

Oh, I get it! They end in -ase

sucrase breaks down sucrose proteases breakdown proteins lipases breakdown lipids DNA polymerase builds DNA

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Enzymes arent used up 5. Enzymes are not changed by the

reaction

used only temporarily re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules very little enzyme needed to help in many reactions
substrate active site
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product enzyme

Its shape that matters! 6. Lock & Key

model

shape of protein allows enzyme & substrate to fit specific enzyme for each specific reaction

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3
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Enzyme vocabulary 7. Enzyme

Builds things up or breaks things down molecule that enzymes work on what the enzyme helps produce from the reaction part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into

8. Substrate

9. Products

10. Active site

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What affects enzyme action Correct protein structure

correct order of amino acids why? enzyme has to be right shape

Temperature

why? enzyme has to be right shape why? enzyme has to be right shape

pH (acids & bases)

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Order of amino acids Wrong order = wrong shape = cant do its job!
chain of amino acids folded protein

DNA

right shape! folded protein chain of amino acids

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DNA

wrong shape!

Temperature
Effect on rates of enzyme activity

Optimum temperature greatest number of collisions between enzyme & substrate human enzymes
35- 40C (body temp = 37C)

Raise temperature (boiling) denature protein = unfold = lose shape Lower temperature T molecules move slower fewer collisions between enzyme & Regents Biology substrate

Temperature
human enzymes
Whats happening here?!

reaction rate

temperature
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37

How do cold-blooded creatures do it?

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pH Effect on rates of enzyme activity

changes in pH changes protein shape most human enzymes = pH 6-8

depends on where in body pepsin (stomach) = pH 3 trypsin (small intestines) = pH 8

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pH
stomach pepsin intestines trypsin
Whats happening here?!

reaction rate
0

pH

10 11 12 13 14

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For enzymes
What matters?

SHAPE!

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2009-2010