Lesson 24

Statistics
During this lesson we will focus on 4 statistical measures:
1) Measures of Central Tendency:
mean, median, mode
2) Range
3) Stem-and-Leaf Plots
4) Box-and-Whisker Plots
including how to do them on the TI-83 Calc
Measures of Central Tendency: There are three
1) Mean: The sum of all the values in the data set
divided by the number of values there are
2) Median: The middle number of the data set when
the values are placed in order. If there is
no middle number, take the mean of the
two middle numbers.
3) Mode: The value that occurs most often in a data
set. There may be more than one mode or
no mode at all
Find the mean, median, and mode (in that order) of
the salaries of the 10 employees of the Rhodes
Company. Three workers earn $15,500 each, two
earn $12,300 each, and five earn $17,050 each.
SOLUTION:
Find the Mean:
15500+15500+15500+12300+12300+17050+ 17050+17050+17050+17050
10
Mean = 15,635
Find the Median: Place numbers in order
12300, 12300, 15500, 15500, 15500, 17050, 17050, 17050, 17050, 17050
There is no middle number, so average the two middle numbers:
15500 + 17050
2
Median = 16,275
Find the Mode:
The number that occurs more than any other is $17050
Mode = 17,050
The ages of a group of friends are: 35, 37, 44, 32, 46, 53, 27,
27.
3. Find the mean
4. Find the median
5. Find the mode
Mean: 35+37+44+32+46+53+27+27 = 37.625
8

Median: Place numbers in order

27, 27, 32, 35, 37, 37, 46, 53
There is no middle number, so average the two middle #’s
35 + 37 = 36
2

Mode: The number that occurs more than any other is 27

The Range of a set of data is the maximum value
minus the minimum value:
For the set of data in the previous problem, the
range would be found by:
53 - 27 = 26
A Stem-and-Leaf Plot is simply a way of organizing a set of data. On the
left side you put the common (tens and hundreds) digits of all the data
values and on the right side go all the ones digits. We will put the data
values from the previous Try This problem in a stem-and-leaf plot:
35, 37, 44, 32, 46, 53, 27, 27

2 7, 7
3 2, 5, 7
4 4, 6
5 3
The first row corresponds to the numbers 27 and 27, the second row is 32,
35, 37, the third row is 44 and 46 and the last row is 53
Identify the median in the stem-and-leaf plot below.

Solution: there are 17 numbers

in the stem-and-leaf plot. So the
14 1, 5, 7 9th number will be the median
15 0, 2, 5, 6, 9 (the number in the middle). If
we count nine numbers down
16 0, 4, 4, 8, 8, 9 from 141 (the first value) we get
160. There should be 8 numbers
17 1, 2, 3 to the left and right of 160.
Solution: 160
Find the mean and median of each of the following stem-and-
leaf plots below.

A) 7 2, 3, 7 B) 30 4, 5, 5
8 4, 6, 9 31 3, 7, 8, 9
9 5, 8 32 1, 3, 5, 7
SOLUTION:
a) Mean: 72+73+77+84+86+89+95+98 = 84.25
8
Median: There are 8 values so take the mean of the middle two
84 + 86 = 85
2

b) Mean: 304+305+305+313+317+318+319+321+323+325+327 = 316.09

11
Median: There are 11 values, so the 6th value is the middle one
304+305+305+313+317+318+319+321+323+325+327
318
Which data is represented by the stem-and-leaf plot below?

5 7, 8, 9
6 3, 5, 9
7 4, 5
SOLUTION:

57, 58, 59, 63, 65, 69, 74, 75

A Box-and-Whisker Plot is used to graphically compare a set of data. The
box and whisker plot contains 5 values for a set of data.
1) Minimum the smallest value in the data set
2) First Quartile median of the first half of the data set
3) Median the median of the entire data set
4) Third Quartile median of the second half of the data set
5) Maximum the largest value in the data set

The minimum and maximum values are the whiskers and the other three
values are the boxes--as is shown on the next slides figure.
 Box-and-Whisker Plot

Min Q1 Median Q3 Max

The sizes of the boxes and whiskers can vary depending on

the distribution of the data numbers. However the box and
whisker plot is clearly divided into 4 regions: whisker, box,
box, whisker. Each region contains 25% of the data
numbers in it. This is a result of using medians which divide
up the numbers evenly.
Draw a Box-and-Whisker plot for the following data: 37,
28, 34, 36, 29, 40, 29, 33, 30
Solution: First order the data set, you could even make a stem-and-leaf
plot:
28 29 29 30 33 34 36 37 40
Let’s calculate the five values we need for our plot:
Minimum: the smallest value 28
Maximum: the largest value 40
Median: the 5th of the 9 numbers:
33

28 29 29 30 33 34 36 37 40
Q1: the median of the lower half below the median
of 33, there are four numbers so take the mean
of the middle two: 29 and 29: 29
Q3: the median of upper half : (36+37)/2 36.5
Now all we have to do is take our 5 values and make our box
and whisker plot:
Min: 28 Q1: 29 Med: 33 Q3: 36.5 Max: 40

28 29 33 36.5 40

20 30 40

Always remember to put a number line below your box and

whisker plot before beginning to ensure that it is shaped
accurately.
Make a Box and Whisker plot of the data below:
26, 37, 28, 34, 36, 29, 40, 29, 33, 30
First order the data set: 26, 28, 29, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 40
Minimum 26
Maximum 40
Median mean of two middle numbers 31.5
Q1 median of lower half, below median of
31.5. Use 26 28 29 29 30 29
Q3 median of upper half, above median of
31.5 Use 33 34 36 37 40 36

26 29 31.5 36 40

20 30 40
Notice that when you are calculating the values for Q1 and Q3
you take the lower half of the data (all the numbers below the
median) and the upper half of the data (all the numbers above
the median). You do not actually include the median with
either of the sets. However, if you had to average two
numbers to get the median, you do use those two numbers.
Our last topic will be instructions to create a box and whisker
plot on your TI - 83 Graphing Calculator:
Making a Box-and-Whisker Plot on the Calculator:
As we go through this use the values from the previous Try This
problem: 26, 37, 28, 34, 36, 29, 40, 29, 33, 30
1) Go to the STAT menu and select edit
2) Make sure to clear out any values in the calculator
3) Enter all the values from the data set in L1, they do not have
to be in order.
4) Press 2nd and Y= to go to the statplot menu
5) Make sure each plot: (Plot 1, Plot 2,… is off) if not arrow to
the word On and press enter to turn it Off.
6) Go back to Plot 1 and press enter to go to that menu
7) Turn Plot 1 on by arrowing to the word Off and pressing
Enter
8) There should be 6 graph pictures, arrow to the right until
you get to the bottom middle one which is a box plot.
9) The rest of the choices should be set--don’t change them.
10) Press zoom and choose option 9 (STAT)
11) You should get a box plot of your data
12) If you press the Trace button and move back and forth, the
graph should show the values for Min, Q1, Med, Q3, and Max.

Go back to the answer for the try this problem and check that
the values agree. If they don’t check the original data you
entered to make sure you didn’t make a mistake entering the
numbers.
Enjoy this convenience as you work your summary problems
and assignments.
Summary Questions: Turn these in to your teacher and do not
begin the assignment on the next slide until you receive a
response on your summary questions.
1) How do you find the median of a set of data that has an odd
number of values? An even number of values?
2) Give a set of data with: a) one mode b) no mode c) two modes
3) What are the 5 key values of a box and whisker plot?
4) Make a stem and leaf plot of the following set of data:
75, 76, 79, 80, 83, 84, 90, 92, 94, 98, 99
5) What are the mean, median, mode and range of the data in
#4?
6) Create a box and whisker plot of the data in #4 showing the
five key values.