POPULATIO

N
What is

Population ?
Population
• The term “population” refers to the
inhabitants of a designated territory

• In sociology and biology a population is

the collection of inter-breeding organisms
of a particular species.
Demography
• the science of population study

• Concentrate on three aspects of

population: numbers, characteristics, and
distribution of persons within the territory
they inhabit
The World
Populatio
n Crisis
 What is
Overpopu
lation?
Overpopulation
• a term that refers to a condition by which the
population density enlarges to a limit that
provokes the environmental deterioration, a
remarkable decline in the quality of life, or a
population collapse.
• As of July 1, 2008, the world’s population
is believed to be 6,707,035,007

• 9 billion by the year 2042

 EFFECTS
OF
OVERPOPULA
TION
 Food Shortage
Each day 40,000 children die from
malnutrition and its related diseases. 150
million children in the world suffer from
poor health due to food shortages.
 Water Necessities
– The large migration to cities that is
characteristics of many of the developing
countries makes it more difficult to provide the
clean water.
– Water necessities will increase to 20% by
2025.
– Approximately, one half of wetlands around
the world have been lost since 1900.
 Pollution
• Is an environmental problem whose
magnitude is increased by overpopulation
• Pollution is magnified in in developing
nations
 Social Problems
One example of this is described in the
recent study by Ohio State University
showing that children whose family sizes
were larger did worse in school.
 The Traffic Problems
• The traffic problems we face daily are
another result of over population.
• These motors add to the pollution problem
 Public Health
For example, multiple pregnancies take
a considerable toll on the mother’s body,
in general the more children women bear
the greater the danger to both.
 WHY
POPULATION
GROW?
• The population grows in size if the number of birth
exceeds the number of deaths.
• A population also grows if immigration to the territory
exceeds out-migration from it.
• The net balance between birth and deaths is called
“reproductive change,” or “natural increase.” The
difference between in-migration and out-migration is
called “net migration.” The total population any time
interval is the sum of reproductive change and net
migration.
Rapid Decline
of Mortality
• Food becomes plentiful and varied
• Knowledge of the causes of infectious
diseases and the steps necessary to
prevent infection
• Public health organizations are
established
• New drugs
 POPULATION CONTROL
• Is the practice of limiting population
increase
• This is generally conducted to improve
quality of life for a society or as a solution
to overpopulation
 Attitudes Toward Birth Control
• Governments
– United Nations-sponsored World Population
Conference in Bucharest, Romania, in 1947
– World Population Plan of Action
– Family-planning services should be available to
everyone.
• Individuals
– The persistent of traditional attitudes toward children and
birth control helps to account for the fact that the
declines in birthrates lag behind those in death rates.
– In some areas, having many children is part of the
“macho” image of males.
– 1980’s about 25% of newborn children were unwanted
– Family-planning programs provide modern methods of
birth control so that people can avoid unwanted children.
– Some programs provide contraceptives
Here are some contraceptives:
• Condom

• Pill

• Vasectomy

• IUD
• Withdrawal

• Tubal ligation

• The Calendar Method

 Abortion
– Is the removal or expulsion of an embryo of fetus from
the uterus, resulting in or caused by its death
– The approximate number of induced abortions performed
worldwide in 2003 was 42 million
– Abortion has been induced by various traditional
medicine methods
– The moral and legal aspects of abortion are subject to
intense social debate in many parts of the world
 The Catholic Church
• Represents major religious opposition to
controlled population
• God should plan families
• Catholics obeying John Paul II’s Human
Vitae
Population 2008 Country Ranks
1. China 1,321,851,888
2. India 1,129,866,154
3. European Union 490,426,060
4. United States 301,139,947
5. Indonesia 234,693,997
6. Brazil 190,010,647
7. Pakistan 164,741,924
8. Bangladesh 150,448,339
9. Russia 141,337,752
10. Nigeria 135,031,164
1. Japan 127,433,494
2. Mexico 108,700,891
3. Philippines 91,077,287
4. Vietnam 85,262,356
5. Germany 82,400,996