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ENERGY CONVERSION
Dr.V.Kamaraj
Professor
Department of EEE
SSN College of Engineering
Outline
Twelve points about electromechanical energy
conversion principle
1. How to establish methods of analysis that may
be applied to all electromechanical devices?
2. Block diagram of an elementary electromagnetic
system
3. Nature of electrical and mechanical energy
distribution
4. Energy relationships and energy balance
diagram
5. Coupling field losses and conservative field
Outline
6. Energy relationships for a singly excited
electromechanical system
7. Energy balance equation in differential and
integral forms
8. It is noted that dynamic behavior of electrical
systems and mechanical systems are governed
by KVL,KCL and Newtons law
9. Graphical interpretation of energy conversion
10.Energy and Co energy
11.Force calculations in Singly and doubly excited
Electromechanical devices
12.Force and Current Expressions
Electromechanical Energy
Conversion
W
E
W
eL
W
eS
W
fL
W
mL
W
f
W
mS
W
M
Electromechanical Energy
Conversion
If the losses are neglected, we will obtain the
following formula
W W
F F
= W = W
e e
+ W + W
m m
Energy transferred
to the coupling field
by the electric
system
Energy transferred
to the coupling field
from the mechanical
system
Electromechanical Energy
Conversion
dt
dt
dx
f dx f W
M
,
_
+ +
dt i e
dt
di
L ri dt i v W
f E
Electromechanical Energy
Conversion
+ +
2
First term in the second
equation represents energy
loss due to resistance of the
conductors.W
eL
Second term reperesents
energy stored in the
electromagnetic field external
to the coupling field. W
eS
Third term must be the total
energy transferred to the
coupling field from the
electrical system
Electromechanical Energy
Conversion
For the Electrical System
idt e W
idt e idi l dt i r W
vidt W
f e
f E
E
+ +
2
First term in the second
equation represents energy
loss due to resistance of the
conductors.W
eL
Second term reperesents
energy stored in the
electromagnetic field external
to the coupling field. W
eS
Third term must be the total
energy transferred to the
coupling field from the
electrical system
Electromechanical Energy
Conversion
For the mechanical system
dx f x x K
dt
dx
D
dt
dx
M dx f W
e
Potential
Heat
M
,
_
+ +
system
mechanical
the from
field coupling
the to d transferre
energy Total
spring in the stored
Energy
0
(Wall)
friction the due
loss
mass in the stored
energy Kinetic
2
2
) (
Electromechanical Energy
Conversion
Energy Balance Equation:
+
+
K
k
mk
J
j
ej f
e f f
m e f
W W W
dx f idt e W
W W W
1 1
) 2 ( ..........
) 1 ( ..........
The field is assumed to be
conservative that is losses of
the coupling field are
neglected.
W
fL
= 0
Considering for a multiple
electrical and mechanical
input system we obtain
energy supplied to the
coupling fields from
Equation 1.
Thus Equation 2 represents
the energy supplied to the
coupling field.
Electromechanical Energy
Conversion
Energy Balance Equation:
K
k
k ek
J
j
j fj f
K
k
k ek
J
j
j fj f
K
k
k ek
K
k
ej
J
j
j fj
J
j
ej
dx f dt i e dW
dx f dt i e W
dx f W
dt i e W
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
) 4 .......(
) 3 ...(
) 2 ......( ..........
) 1 ( .......... ..........
Key points:
Equation 3 Energy balance
Equation in Integral form
Equation 4 Energy balance
Equation in differential form
Electromechanical Energy
Conversion
Graphical Interpretation of Energy Conversion:
Consider the elementary electromagnetic
system
Movable plunger moves from x = x
a
to
x = x
b
where x
b
< x
a
The change in field energy is :
The change in W
e
Electromechanical Energy
Conversion
Graphical Interpretation of Energy Conversion:
We know that
Hence,
Electromechanical Energy
Conversion
Graphical Interpretation of Energy Conversion:
The net change in W
m
for the
cycle from A to B and then
back to A is the shaded area.
Because change in W
f
is zero
for this cycle:
Explanation for generator and
motor action
FORCE AND TORQUE CALCULATION
) , (
) , (
If dx = 0 is assumed, then
di x L x i d
x L
x i
or
i x L x i
id W
idt
dt
d
idt e W W
f
f E f
) ( ) , (
) (
) , (
) ( ) , (
1
]
1
+
+
FORCE AND TORQUE CALCULATION
dx
x dL
i F
again
x
x i W
F
and
i
x i W
C
C
) (
2
1
) , (
) , (
2
Comparing Equation 3 and 4 we get
FORCE AND TORQUE CALCULATION
FORCE AND TORQUE CALCULATION
) , (
) , (
) , ( ) , (
f
f
f
f
W
T
W
i
d i W
Td id dW
Energy Field
) , (
) , (
) , ( ) , (
i W
T
i W
i
di i i W
Td di dW
Coenergy
C
C
C
C
FORCE AND TORQUE CALCULATION
Doubly Excited Rotating Actuator
FORCE AND TORQUE CALCULATION
1 21 2 2 22 2 2 12 1 1 11 1
1 21 2 22 2 2 12 1 11 1
2 2 1 1
) ( ) (
0
di L i di L i di L i di L i dW
i L i L d i i L i L d i dW
d i d i dW dW
dW dW
f
f
e f
f e
+ + +
+ + +
+
+
Initially the space angle rotor and stator axes is and
both the currents i
1
and i
2
are assumed to be zero. When
the coils are switched on the currents rise from zero to i
1
and i
2
respectively
FORCE AND TORQUE CALCULATION
2 1 12 22
2
2 11
2
1
2 1
0
12 2 2
0
22 1 1
0
11
2 1 12 2 22 2 1 11 1
1 21 2 2 22 2 2 12 1 1 11 1
2
1
2
1
) (
) (
2 1 2 1
i i L L i L i W
i i d L di i L di i L dW
i i d L di L i di L i dW
di L i di L i di L i di L i dW
f
i i i i
f
f
f
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ + +
FORCE AND TORQUE CALCULATION
d
dL
i i
d
dL
i
d
dL
i T
W
T
f
) ( ) (
2
1 ) (
2
1
) , , (
12
2 1
22
2
2
11
2
1
2 1
+ +
CONCLUSION