3FL10472ACAAWBZZA2

All rights reserved 2004, Alcatel
Introduction to GPRS/EGPRS
TRAINING MANUAL
3FL10472CAAAWBZZA ed 2
March 2006
2 Introduction to GPRS/EGPRS
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1 What is GPRS ?
1 What is GPRS ?
Session presentation
>
Objective: to be able to identify the technical
and commercial benefit of GPRS.
>
Program:
1.1 Definition
1.2 General architecture
1.3 MS Class
1.4 MS Multislot Class
1.5 GPRS Main Concepts
1.6 GPRS Benefits
1.7 EGPRS
1.8 Quality of Service profile
1.9 Services
1 What is GPRS ?
1.1 Definition
>
Definition (3GPP TS 22.060)
GPRS provides data transfer capabilities between a sending
entity and one or more receiving entities.
These entities may be an MS or a Terminal Equipment, the
latter being attached either to a GPRS network or to an
external data network.
The base station provides radio channel access for MSs to the
GPRS network.
1 What is GPRS ?
1.2 General architecture
GPRS
Core Network
IP
Gb
NSS
A
PSTN
Gi
PDN
IP / PPP
RADIO
ACCESS
NETWORK
BSS
Packet
switching
circuit
switching
1 What is GPRS ?
1.3 MS Class
> Class A
Operates GPRS and other GSM services simultaneously.
> Class B
Monitors control channels for GSM GPRS and other GSM
services simultaneously,
but can only operate one set of services at one time.
>
Class C
Exclusively operates GPRS services.
1 What is GPRS ?
1.4 MS multislot class
NA x x 1
19 to 29
like 10
0 0 0 NA 8 8 2 18
0 1 1 NA 7 7 2 17
1 2 1 NA 6 6 2 16
1 3 1 NA 5 5 2 15
1 3 1 NA 4 4 2 14
1 3 1 NA 3 3 2 13
1 2 1 5 4 4 1 12
1 2 1 5 3 4 1 11
1 2 1 5 2 4 1 10
1 2 1 5 2 3 1 9
1 2 1 5 1 4 1 8
1 3 1 4 3 3 1 7
1 3 1 4 2 3 1 6
1 3 1 4 2 2 1 5
1 3 1 4 1 3 1 4
1 3 2 3 2 2 1 3
1 3 2 3 1 2 1 2
2 4 2 2 1 1 1 1
Trb Tra Ttb Sum Tx Rx Type
Multi-
slot
class
PDN
PS
GSM
network
CS
1 What is GPRS ?
1.5 GPRS Main Concepts (1/5)
> Use of radio resources in case of circuit switching
Fixed Rate
Radio timeslot
Radio interface
Access node
CS <->PS
GPRS
network
PS
PDN
PS
1 What is GPRS ?
>
Use of radio resources in case of packet switching
Radio timeslot
Radio interface
Variable Rate
1 What is GPRS ?
> Radio resource assigned according to requirement
Radio resource shared between users
Various radio channel coding schemes are specified to allow
bit rates from 9 to more than 150kb/s per user (according
also to the quality of radio transmission and the modulation
used)
High bit rates if several channels are assigned to one MS
Low bit rates if one channel is shared by several MSs.
>
Optimized use of the radio resource
Use of the radio resources only when data is transferred
Uplink and downlink resources reserved separately
1 What is GPRS ?
>
Dynamic allocation and sharing of radio resources
User 1
User 2
User 3
User 4
User 5
1 RESOURCE SHARED BY X USERS (PDCH)
User 1
USER1 USES 3 RESOURCES (3 PDCH)
1 RESOURCE USED BY ONE USER NOT SHARED TCH
User 1
Number of resources according to the capability of the MS
> Variable useful transmission rate per Radio resource
Maximum security
Channel Transmission rate
about 22 k with GMSK
about 60k with 8PSK (Edge)
minimum throughput
Minimum security
Maximum throughput
When the radio transmission has a good quality the security can be reduced in
order to increase the useful transmission rate
1 What is GPRS ?
1 What is GPRS ?
1.6 The benefits of GPRS
>
GPRS benefits
BSS hardware (included OMC-R) is re-used from GSM
Smooth GPRS introduction
Higher data throughput thanks to EGPRS (EDGE)
Data transfers can billed by volume instead of time
An MS can exchange data by GPRS in parallel with a
conventional GSM call (if MS Class A)
1 What is GPRS ?
1.7 EGPRS
>
EGPRS is an enhancement of GPRS
allows higher bit rates on the radio interface
achieved by using
a new modulation (8-PSK)
and new coding schemes (MCS-1 to MCS-9) in the MS and the
BSS.
>
The same set of services provided by GPRS is available in
EGPRS.
Precedence Class
relative importance of service under congestion
3 classes
Delay Class
total delay measured between R or S point and Gi
4 classes
Reliability Class
acknowledgement of packets
5 classes
Peak throughput Class
Mean throughput Class
the maximum data rate allowed to the user
maximum data rate during a period
Throughput class
19 classes
9 classes
1 What is GPRS ?
1.8 Quality of service profile
1 What is GPRS ?
1.9 Services
Always-on
Mobile Office
Voice (!)
E-mail
Agenda
IntraNet/InterNet
Corporate Applications
Database Access
Vertical
application
Traffic
Management
Automation
Mobile branches
Health
Location
services
Traffic Conditions
Itineraries
Nearest Restaurant,
Cinema, Chemist,
Parking;, ATM ...
Fun
Games (Hangman, Poker, )
Screen Saver
Ring Tone
Horoscope
Biorhythm
Media
Transportatio
n
Flight/train
Schedule
reservation
Music
Downloading of
music files or
video clips
News
(general/specific)
International/National News
Local News
Sport News
Weather
Lottery Results
Finance News
Directories
Yellow/White Pages
International Directories
Operator Services
M-commerce
Physical
on-line shopping
on-line food
Non
physical
on-line Banking
Ticketing
Auction
Gambling.
True or False ?
GPRS is a circuit switching technology
The GSS is an IP network
Data transfers are often conducted at variable bit rates
With a class B mobile, a web page can be downloaded while speaking
Billing by volume allows subscribers to be permanently on line
Several channels can be assigned to a MS
One channel is shared by several MSs
EGPRS is GPRS with better Throughput
The useful transmission rate depends on the radio quality
Time allowed :
5 minutes
1 What is GPRS ?
Exercise
Thank you for answering
the self-assessment
of the objectives sheet
1 What is GPRS ?
Evaluation
>
Objective : to be able to identify the
technical and commercial benefit of
GPRS
2 GPRS Operation
2 GPRS Operation
> Objective: to be able to describe the organization of a
GPRS network architecture, interfaces and protocols.
> Program:
2.1 Main Entities
2.2 MS Mobility Management States
2.3 MS Radio Resource Operating Modes
2.4 Basic Procedures
2.5 Charging
2.6 Security
2 GPRS Operation
2.1 Main Entities
> Overview
CELLS
BTS
BSC
BSS RADIO ACCESS NSS CALL PROCESSING
circuits
To PSTN
GPRS
N7
AUC EIR
HLR
IP
SGSN
SGSN
NTP DNS
DHCP
To IP Networks
GGSN
BG
To other operator
IP Networks
PCU included
in BSS
MSC
VLR
GSS
2 GPRS Operation
2.1 Main Entities
>
SGSN and GGSN
IP
backbone
GGSN
1
IP
network 1
IP
network 1
GGSN
2
IP
network 1
GGSN
3
IP
network 1
IP
network 1
SGSN
1
SGSN
2
SGSN
5
SGSN
3
SGSN
4
2 GPRS Operation
2.1 Main Entities
> Servers
GPRS
BACKBONE
SGSN
GGSN
NTP
DNS
DHCP
IP add
256.167.123.34
Alcatel.fr
MS
SGSN
BSS
VPLMN
BG
VISITED PLMN
GGSN
2 GPRS Operation
2.1 Main Entities
>
Border gateway
INTER PLMN
NETWORK
HPLMN
GGSN
PDN
BG
HOME PLMN
A
2 GPRS Operation
2.1 Main Entities
Gn
Signaling + data
Signaling
Mobile
GPRS
Gd
Um
GPRS network
Gb
BSS
Gc
Gs
Gr
Gi
PDN
SGSN
SGSN GGSN
HLR
MSC
SMS-
GMSC
>
Interfaces
2 GPRS Operation
2.2 MS Mobility Management States
Idle
Ready
Stand-by
>
MS MM states
GPRS Detach
PDU transmission
READY
timer expiry
GPRS Attach
Location at
CELL level Location at
RA level
Autonomous cell reselection NCO
Or controled by network NC 2
( In paquet transfert mode )
Autonomous cell reselection
2 GPRS Operation
2.3 MS Radio Resource Operating Modes
Packet
transfer mode
Packet
idle mode
Packet
idle mode
Ready Standby
RR
MM
> Packet transfer mode
In packet transfer mode, the mobile station is allocated radio resource providing a
Temporary Block Flow (TBF) on one or more physical channels. Continuous
transfer of one or more LLC PDUs is possible. Concurrent TBFs may be established
in opposite directions. Transfer of LLC PDUs in RLC acknowledged or RLC
unacknowledged mode is provided.
> Packet idle mode
In packet idle mode no Temporary Block Flow. Upper layers can require the
transfer of a LLC PDU which, implicitly, may trigger the establishment of TBF and
transition to packet transfer mode.
> MS RR operating modes vs MS MM states
Routers
IP network
2 GPRS Operation
ip ip ip ip ip
http http ftp ftp smtp smtp
1 tcp 1 tcp
wap wap
gtp
SGSN
GGSN
>
IP overview
nK bytes MESSAGE
4K bytes PACKET 4K bytes PACKET TCP
TCP IP IP IP
TCP IP Z Ethernet 1.5k frames
Y Datagrams IP
TCP
x 4k TCP packets
L4
L 3
L2
2 GPRS Operation
DATAS HEADER
456
HEADER
57 X 8
456
DATAS HEADER
IP / X25
HEADER DATAS SNDCP
SNDCP
DATAS HEADER
LLC
RLC/
PCU
AIR INTERFACE
57 57
Max 1600Bytes SGSN to MS
CRC
TRE / CCU
2 GPRS Operation
2 GPRS Operation
>
Transmission plane
TCP HTTP FTP SMTP
Physical
layer
Physical
layer
Physical
layer
Physical
layer
Physical
layer
Physical
layer
Physical
layer
L2
IP
UDP
GTP
IP
L2
MAC
L2
IP
UDP LLC
GTP
BSSGP
(Frame
Relay)
(Frame
Relay)
LLC
Um Gb Gn Gi
MS
BSS
(with PCU)
SGSN GGSN
Application
RLC
MAC
RLC
MAC
IP IP
relay
relay
BSSGP
SNDCP
SNDCP
2 GPRS Operation
NSAPI
NSAPI TLLI
TLLI
Radio layers
LLC
GMM/SM
SMS
SNDCP
IP
NSAPI
i
>
MS high protocol layers
2 GPRS Operation
NMC-NSS
HPLMN
HLR
MS
APN accessible through FPLMN-GGSN ?
etc ...
+ MSISDN =IMSI
network access mode :
For each MS
GPRS

| NSS

| both
subscribed PDP contexts (maximum of n) :

PDP type :
[PDP address (IP@) ]
Access point name (APN) or * (= wild card)
QoS profile
IP | PPP
n
times
>
HLR GPRS data
2 GPRS Operation
> GPRS attachment
BSS
^
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h
e
n
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(
)
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(
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e
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l
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_
a
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k
(
)
1
PLMN
Attach-Request
(IMSI)
'
Attach_resp (P_TMSI) *
Attach_complete () "
MS_authentication_procedure
GPRS IP
backbone
GGSN
SGSN
N7
HLR
GPRS - CN
2 GPRS Operation
LLC layer
TLLI
1
GPRS IP
backbone
>
GPRS attachment
After a GPRS_Attach procedure The mobile is connected to the serving SGSN
SGSN
1
SGSN
2
GGSN
1
GGSN
2
PDN 2
PDN 1
2 GPRS Operation
> PDP context activation
GPRS Core Network
GPRS
backbone
PDN
1
SGSN
DNS
GGSN
GGSN
PDN
2
DHCP
BSS
PLMN
TLLI
1
4
2
3 Create_PDP_req (PDN2)
5 Create_PDP_resp (@IP_MS)
Activate_PDP_req (PDN2)
'
Activate_PDP_resp(@IP_MS)
2 GPRS Operation
>
PDP context activation
BSS
PLMN
TLLI
1
GPRS Core Network
GPRS
backbon
e
SGSN
DNS
GGSN
GGSN
2
3 Create_PDP_req (PDN2)
6 Create_PDP_resp (@IP_MS)
Activate_PDP_req (PDN2)
'
Activate_PDP_resp(@IP_MS)
ISP
INTRANE
T
DHCP
RADIUS
5
Authentication and
accounting
Address allocation
4
2 GPRS Operation
LLC layer
GPRS - CN
TLLI
1
GPRS IP
backbone
SGSN
1
SGSN
2
GGSN
1
GGSN
2
PDN 2
PDN 1 TID 1 = IMSI + NSAPI 1
T
I
D

2

=

I
M
S
I

+

N
S
A
P
I

2
by the GTP layer
after PDP_context_activation procedures
2 GPRS Operation
LLC layer
GPRS - CN
TLLI
1
GPRS IP
backbone
SGSN
1
SGSN
2
GGSN
1
GGSN
2
PDN 2
PDN 1 TID 1 = IMSI + NSAPI 1
T
I
D

2

=

I
M
S
I

+

N
S
A
P
I

2
by the GTP layer
after PDP_context_activation procedures
ul/dl data_transfers
SGSN
GGSN
within the MS
MS
over the Gn interface
over the Gi
interface
@ MS
@server
U-data
@sgsn
@ggsn
GTP
header
UDP
header
@ MS
@server
U-data
@ MS
@server
U-data
@server
@ MS
U-data
server
PDN
@ggsn
@sgsn
GTP
header
UDP
header
@server
@ MS
U-data
@server
@ MS
U-data
2 GPRS Operation
> User data transfer
2 GPRS Operation
2.5 Charging
>
Charging process
MS
PDN
GPRS
BACKBONE
GGSN SGSN BSS
TLLI
CCBS
CG
Attachment
M_CDR
PDP CONTEXT ACTIVATION AND DATA TRANSFERT
S_CDR
G_CDR
FTP
GTP
2 GPRS Operation
2.5 Charging
>
Charging process
INTER PLMN NETWORK
HPLMN
GGSN
PDN
BG
CCBS
CG
S_CDR
HOME PLMN
MS
SGSN
BSS
TLLI
VPLMN
BG
CG CCBS
VISITED PLMN
G_CDR
Public Internet
2 GPRS Operation
2.6 Security
1- Secured network access
Authentication of MSs and confidentiality of
their identity
Possibility of encrypting user data
Possibility of verifying IMEI with an EIR (Gf)
2- Secured backbone IP network
Firewall = application-level filtering
Filtering by access lists (in the GGSNs)
GPRS Network
3- Secured intranet access
APN with mandatory subscription
APN with access lists
APN with tunneling on Gi (IPsec)
Time allowed :
5 minutes
2 GPRS Operation
Exercise (1/3)
True or False?

The GGSN reads the header of user packets arriving from the
PDN
The GPRS HLR knows the location of an MS to the nearest RA
With each web page downloaded, a new PDP context must be
activated
A CDR is generated for each packet sent or received
The SGSN can be considered as PMSC and PVLR
A TLLI is a virtual connection between a GPRS attached mobile
and the GGSN
Time allowed :
5 minutes
2 GPRS Operation
Exercise (2/3)
True or False ?
The Charging gateway provides a single interface towards the billing
centers
No need for paging to send a packet to a mobile in the "Ready" state
Attachment to the network does not involve GGSN
Time allowed :
5 minutes
2 GPRS Operation
Exercise (3/3)
What interfaces of the GPRS NSS does a packet cross from a PDN to an
MS?
Why , theoretically, is an RA smaller than an LA?
the self-assessment
2 GPRS Operation
Evaluation
> Objective : to be able to describe the
organization of a GPRS network :
architecture, interfaces, protocols,
3 The Base Station Subsystem
>
Objectives :
To be able to briefly describe the data
interchange mechanisms through the BSS
> Program :
3.1 3GPP Position
3.2 Alcatels Choice
3.3 Layered Model
3.4 Gb Interface
3.5 Radio Interface
3.1 3GPP Position
> PCU function
BSS
BTS
CCU PCU
BSC SGSN
BSS
BTS
CCU
BSC SGSN
PCU
BSS
BTS
BSC SGSN
CCU PCU
3.2 Alcatels Choice
> PCU function
BTS
CCU
BSC SGSN
MFS
Abis Ater Gb
GSL
LLC Transmission check between SGSN and MS
RLC Transmission check between PCU and MS
GCH transmission check between PCU and TRE
MFS is just the name of the
rack containing PCU functions
PCU
BSS
3.3 Layered Model
BTS MFS SGSN MS
BSS
GP
Gb
Physical
layer
Frame
relay
RLC
MAC
RLC
Physical
layer
Frame
relay
BSSGP
Um Abis/Ater
PCU
IP
LLC
GMM SM
relay
LLC
GMM
SNDCP
SM
relay
Physical
layer
Physical
layer
L2-GCH
L1-GCH
L2-GCH
L1-GCH
MAC
SNDCP
>
User plane
BSC MFS BTS MS
3.3 Layered Model
Gb
L2-GSL
L1-GSL
BSCGP
BSCGP
L2-GSL
L1-GSL
physical
layer
RRM
Ater Um
relay
Abis
relay
physical
layer
RRM
>
Signaling plane
NSE2
SGSN
NSE1 NSE1
NSE2
F.R F.R
Network Network
PCM
3.4 Gb Interface
PCM
PCM
BVCI=2
BVCI=1
BVCI=3
BVCI=5
BVCI=6
BVCI=4
BSC
1
BSC
2
GPRS Core Network side BSS side
BC PCM BC PVC
BC BC PVC
NSVC1
NSVC2
PCM
PCM
PCM
BC PCM BC PVC
BC BC PVC
NSVC3
NSVC4
BVCI=2 BVCI=2
BVCI=1 BVCI=1
BVCI=3 BVCI=3
BVCI=5 BVCI=5
BVCI=4 BVCI=4
BVCI=6 BVCI=6
>
Managed entities
3.4 Gb Interface
GPRS Core Network side BSS side
>
Protocols
SGSN
Packet Control Unit function
(PCU)
BSS GPRS Protocol
(BSSGP)
BSS GPRS Protocol
(BSSGP)
Network Service Control
(NSC)
Network Service Control
(NSC)
BVCI=2
BVCI=1
BVCI=3
BVCI=5
BVCI=6
BVCI=4
BSC
1
BSC
2
Sub-Network Service
(SNS)
Physical layer
Sub-Network Service
(SNS)
Physical layer
Frame Relay
BVC
NS-VC
NSE
PVC
PCM
PCM
BC
3.5 Radio Interface 1/8
>
GPRS / EGPRS throughput
Coding Scheme Modulation
Maximum rate
per PDCH (kb/s)
CS2
CS1
GMSK
GMSK
13.4
9.05
CS4
CS3
GMSK
GMSK
21.4
15.6
G
P
R
S
MCS9
MCS8
8-PSK
8-PSK
59.2
54.4
MCS7
MCS6
MCS5
MCS4
MCS3
MCS2
MCS1
8-PSK
8-PSK
8-PSK
44.8
29.6 / 27.2*
22.4
17.6
14.8 / 13.6*
11.2
8.8
GMSK
GMSK
GMSK
GMSK
* in case of padding
E
G
P
R
S
>
Coding schemes
Bad radio condition
Max security
Good radio condition
Min security
Maximum number of bits to
have security
Max number of bits for
user data
POOR USER BIT RATE BETTER USER BIT RATE
CS2 CS1 CS3
CS4
> GMSK / 8-PSK modulations
GMSK
8-PSK
1 0 1 1
001 101 011 001
GMSK 270 kb/s
8-PSK 810 kb/s
Gross bit rate
per carrier
1 bit per
Symbol
3 bitS per
Symbol
8 PSK has 3times more capacity than GMSK
One TS 142 symbols
142 Bits
ONE TS
One TS 142 symbols
426 Bits
ONE TS
> Transmission Rate with 8 PSK modulation
MCS9
59,2k
MCS8
54,4k
CHANNEL
MCS7
44,8k
MCS6
29,6k
MCS5
22,4k
MCS4
17,6k
MCS3
14,8k
MCS2
11,2k
MCS1
8,8k
Maximum number of bits to have security
Max number of bits for user data
Bad radio condition Good radio condition
> Impact of EGPRS (Edge) on terrestrial transmissions in BSS
Extra capacity Extra capacity
Abis Ater
GMSk and Not a
good transmission
CS1 about 9K
MCS9 ABOUT 59K
8PSK good
transmission
MFS
PCU
BTS
TRX
BSC
relay
PDCH
BTS
TRX
BSC
relay
MFS
PCU 16k resource 16k resource
PDCH
> Resources allocation according to the MCS
QUALITY OF TRANSMISSION LOT OF BITS LOST
INCREASE SECURITY DECREASE USEFUL TRANSMISSION RATE
MCS n
MFS
PCU
BTS
TRX
BSC
relay
PDCH
MCS n-1
PDCH
MFS
PCU
BTS
TRX
BSC
relay
Can be allocated to
another PDCH
Can be allocated to
other PDCH
network
MS
start
of TBF1
end of
TBF1
TBF2 TBF3
TBF4
time
f
ULi
Packet Channel Request
Packet Resource Assignment
(list of PDCHi, token=T,TFIk)
MS starts listening to all DL blocks token value on the allocated PDCHi
SEND on block b+1 (TFIk)
in block b
token =T ?
Y
N
T T T T T T DL PDCHi
? TFIk TFIk TFIk TFIk TFIk TFIk UL PDCHi
3.5 Radio interface 7/8
> UL transfer
PCU
TBF MAC
PS Paging
Paging Request ("packet")
Packet Paging Response
Packet Resource Assignment
(list (PDCHj),TFIz)
The MS consumes the content of block b
in block b, TFI=TFIz ?
Y
N
PCU SGSN
UL TBF: refer to
previous slide
MS PDU
MS starts listening to all DL blocks TFI value on the allocated PDCHj
Z Z Z Z Z
DL PDCHj
3.5 Radio interface 8/8
> DL transfer
MS IN STANB BY
MODE
MS IN READY
MODE
Time allowed :
5 minutes
Exercise (1/2)
True or False?
The SGSN is linked to the BSS by an interface
based on the Frame Relay protocol
For each cell, the number of channels which can
be used for GPRS traffic is operator-configurable
If a user packet is lost at the Gb interface, it can
be recovered using frame relay protocol
mechanisms
The LLC protocol is independent of the type of
BSS employed
Time allowed :
5 minutes
Exercise (2/2)
True or False?
In a cell, a TRX can carry eight PDCHs
One PDCH can be allocated in its entirety to a single
user
If necessary, blocks on different PDCHs can be
allocated to a single user
The NSEI is the identifier used by the SGSN to indicate
the destination cell of a LLC frame to the MFS
The same quantity of PVCs is declared on the MFS and
SGSN sides
the self-assessment
Evaluation
>
Objective : To be able to briefly
describe the data interchange
mechanisms through the BSS
4 Alcatel Solution
4 Alcatel Solution
>
Objectives: to be able to characterize the solution
offered by Alcatel
> Program:
4.1 GPRS Network Overview
4.2 Alcatel 9135 MFS
4.3 Packet Switched Core Network
4.4 GPRS Network Management
4.5 Alcatel QoS Offer
GPRS Core Network
4 Alcatel Solution
4.1 GPRS Network Overview
BSS1
BSC
B
T
S
B
T
S
BSS--
BSC
B
T
S
B
T
S
A9135
MFS
BSS2
B
T
S
B
T
S
BSC
A9135
MFS
GSM/GPRS common servers
HLR
SMS-C MSC
GPRS IP
backbone
Radio subsystem
Frame
Relay
network
Border
Gateway Inter-PLMN
backbone
Internet
Intranet
SGSN
SGSN
access
router
SCP
CAMEL & IP based
Prepaid
Services
Firewall
Charging Gateway
OMC-CN
iGGSN
Telecom Subsystem
4 Alcatel Solution
Control Subsystem
Gb if
A-ter if
BSC1
B
T
S
B
T
S
>
Functional architecture
GPU1
PCU
GPU2
PCU
S
G
S
N
LAN x 2
OMC-R
M
F
S
BSC2
B
T
S
B
T
S
GPU1
PCU
GPU1
PCU
MFS
CONNECTIONS
PCU
PCU
PCU
PCU
PCU
SGSN
PMSC
PVLR
MFS
FRAME
RELAY
120 CICs
120 GICs 16K
TC SM
PVC
BEARER CHANNEL
Muxed ATer
A Interf
Gb
BSC
BSC
BSC
BSC
BSC
MSC
4 Alcatel Solution
4.2 Alcatel 9135 MFS CONNECTIONS
4 Alcatel Solution
1 BSXTU
11 GPU (+1)
maxi
1 BSXTU
11 GPU (+1)
maxi
1 BSXTU
11 GPU (+1)
maxi
1 BSXTU
11 GPU (+1)
maxi
2 DS 10
Control
sub-rack
2 DS 10
Control
sub-rack
2 or 4
Switches
3 COM 3300
+ IOLAN module
2 or 4
Switches
3 COM 3300
+ IOLAN module
>
Rack layout
4 Alcatel Solution
4.2 Alcatel 9130 MFS (1/3)
ATCA
shelf
ATCA
shelf
ATCA
shelf
ATCA
shelf
MFS
LIU LIU
MFS
MFS
O
M
C
P
S
S
W
S
S
W
O
M
C
P
G
P
G
P
G
P
G
P
G
P
G
P
G
P
G
P
G
P
G
P
4 Alcatel Solution
4.2 Alcatel 9130 MFS (2/3)
General Option 1 Option 2
ATCA shelf content
4 Alcatel Solution
4.2 Alcatel 9130 MFS (3/3)
GP
GP
GP
GP
GP
GP
GP
GP
GP
GP
M
U
X
OMCP
M
U
X
16 LIU X 16 E1
L
I
U
E1 connections
Abis
L
I
U
Ater
OMCP
S
S
W
S
S
W
MFS
9 PCU + 1SPARE
>
iGGSN
4 Alcatel Solution
GPRS
signaling & user
Plane Blades
GPU
Gb
Ethernet LAN (internal
com.) Switching &
Routing
O&M,
Charging
SS7 Blades
Pilot Blades
> SGSN
Vigilon
Senteon
WN
PDN1
PDN2
GPRS IP
Backbone
OMC-CN
Charging
Gateway
Intra-PLMN
DNS
towards Prepaid Servers
O&M &
service
provisioning
session
control logic
GTP control
& user
planes
WN
Gr, Gs,
Gd, Ge
4 Alcatel Solution
SGSN rack iGGSN rack
WN1200
Senteon 1&2
GPU boards
Ethernet
switch/routers
Ethernet
switch/routers
pilot blades
SS7 blades
GPRS control
& user plane
blades
ATCA platform
Internal control LAN
backbone rack
NS500
NS500
Firewalls
external DNS
NTS150
NTS150
NTP Servers
Intra-PLMN
DNS/DHCP
border router
access router
Gn switches
NMC
Q3
MFS
4 Alcatel Solution
4.4 GPRS Network Management
SGSN
NTP DNS/DHCP
BG
B
T
S
B
T
S
BSC1
B
T
S
BSC2
OMC-
CN
Core Network part
Radio part
OMC-
R
Charging
Gateway
>
Dedicated OMCs
iGGSN
4 Alcatel Solution
4.5 Alcatel QoS offer
ETSI R97/98 QoS attributes
Alcatel Offer
Precedence class
Mean throughput
class
Delay class Resulting QoS class
(4) Best Effort
1, 2 or 3
1, 2 or 3
1, 2 or 3
1, 2 or 3
any
(3) Low priority
Normal, High priority
(2) Normal priority
(1) High priority
any
any
Best Effort
specified, except BE
specified, except BE
Best-Effort
Best-Effort
Best-Effort
Normal
Premium
Reliability class: as required by the MS
>
R97/98 QoS compliance
4 Alcatel Solution
4.5 Alcatel QoS offer
Traffic handling priority R99 Traffic class R97/98 Bearer QoS class
Premium
Premium
Premium
Normal
Normal
conversational
streaming
interactive
interactive
interactive
-
-
1
2
3
Best Effort background -
>
R97/98 QoS mapping into R99 QoS
Time allowed :
5 minutes
4 Alcatel Solution
Exercise (1/2)
True or False?
Implementing GPRS in the BSS simply
entails adding A9135 or A9130 MFS
servers
The iGGSN is an Alcatel proprietary
equipment
The SGSN server is an Alcatel proprietary
equipment based on IT devices
The DNS/DHCP servers used in the GPRS
Core Network are IT standard servers
Time allowed :
5 minutes
4 Alcatel Solution
Exercise (2/2)
True or False?
GPRS Core Network equipments are managed
from an OMC- CN
GPRS radio subsystem (BSS) equipments are
managed from an OMC-R
Alcatel GPRS network handles simultaneously the
UMTS QoS classes (R99 QoS parameters) and the
GPRS QoS profiles (R97/98 QoS attributes)
the self-assessment
4 Alcatel Solution
Evaluation
>
Objective : to be able to characterize
the solution offered by Alcatel
5 Annex and Glossary
5 Annex 1
Coding Schemes : CS1 -> CS4
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20 30
C
h
a
n
n
e
l

r
a
t
e

(
k
b
p
s
)
C/I (dBm)
CS4
CS3
CS2
CS1
BACK
UMTS
2 Mbps
384 Kbps
EDGE
GPRS
160 Kbps
64 Kbps
HSCSD
Bit rate
CS data - SMS, 9.6Kbps
9.6 Kbps
Technology
5 Annex 2
GPRS compared to other technologies
TFI = Temporary Flow Identifier
2 89 2 90 4 21 4 22 2 91 2 92 9 2 4 23 2 93 2 94 4 2 9 1
TBF = Temporary Block Flow BSN = Block Sequence Number
9 2 9 1 9 3 9 4 9 6 9 5 9 7
TBF
TFI 9
TBF from SERVER 9
4 22 4 21 4 23 4 24 4 26 4 25 4 27 4 28 4 29 4 31 4 30
TBF TFI 4 TBF from SERVER 4
2 90 2 91 2 92 2 94 2 93 2 95 2 96 2 97 2 99 2 98 2 10
TBF
TFI 2
TBF from SERVER 2
TS x dedicated to ONE PDCH one PDCH shared by N users
PCU JBGPU FUNCTION
5 Annex 3
PCU concept
PDCH
PCU
Gb
LLC Checks the transmission between SGSN and MS
RLC checks the trans between PCU and MS
n RLC
blocks
LLC blocks
RLC blocks
- token
- Data
- radio security
TRE /BTS
CCU
5 Annex 4
PCU concept
5 Annex 5
TDMA and PDCH
>
TDMA frame and GPRS physical channels
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
FRAME 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
FRAME 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
FRAME 2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
FRAME 3
Gmsk 171 171 8Psk 57 57
B0 B4 B1 B2 B3 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
52 FRAMES then 52 TS x and 240 ms
4
F00
4
F01
4
F02
4
F04
4
F05
4
F06
4
F07
4
F08
4
F09
4
F10
4
F11
4
F12
4
F13
4
F14
4
F15
4
F16
4
F17
4
F18
4
F19
4
F20
4
F21
4
F22
4
F23
4
F24
4
F25
4
F50
4
F51
4
F03
1 PDCH
12 BLOCS
PTCCH
Frame
12
Frame
38
BLOC 3
5 Annex 6
GPRS channels
> Master and Slave PDCHs
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
PDCH
DOWN/UPLINK
All blocs can
be used as
- PDTCH
- PACCH
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
MASTER PDCH
DOWN /UPLINK
B0
B1
B2
All blocs can
be used as
- PRACH
- PDTCH
- PACCH
Blocs which
can be used
as
- PBCCH
Blocs which
can be used
as
- PAGCH
- PDTCH
- PACCH
Blocs which
can be used
as
- PPCH
- PAGCH
- PDTCH
- PACCH
B1
u3
B2
B1
un
B5
u3
B2
u3
B3
u3
B4
u3
B6
u3
B7
u3
B8
u3
B9
u6
B10
u6
B11
u2
B12
u2
B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B1
TBF from server 1
TBF from server 2
TBF from server 3
TBF from server 4
TFI 1
TFI 5
TFI 3
TFI 6
TBF server 5
TBF to server 7
TBF to server 6
TFI 2 USER 3
TFI 7 USER 6
TFI 6 USER 2
UP
DOWN
5 Annex 7
PDCH ,TBF, MAC concepts
> PCM E1 and Bearer Channel uses and concepts
TS 1 16K X 4
TS 3 64K 64K X 1
TS 2 32K X 2
TS 4
TS 5
128K
64K X 2
TS 3
TS 28
TS 31
TS 29
192K 64K X 3
2
M
B
E
1
TS 1
TS 2
TS 3
TS 4
TS 15
TS 17
TS 31
TS 18
TS 19
TS 20
BEARER CHANNEL =960K
BEARER CHANNEL=960K
2
M
B
E
1
TS 1 64K
TS 2 64K
TS 3 64K
TS 4 64K
TS 5 64K
TS 3 64K
TS 28 64K
TS 31 64K
TS 29 64K
2
M
B
E
1
5 Annex 8
Different uses for E1
Node
15
6
9
27
PVC y
PVCn
12
5
16
DLCI Number
FRAME RELAY
PCU
MFS
SGSN
5 Annex 9
FRAME RELAY and PVC concepts
Permanent Virtual
Connection
FRAME
RELAY
NSVC Transmission check end to end
SGSN
PCU
MFS
PCM E1
BEARER
CHANNEL
5 Annex 10
PVC and NSVC concepts
PCM 1
P
C
U
BC 1
BC 2
BC1
PCM 1
NSE NSEIx
PVC / NSVC
PVC / NSVC
PVC / NSVC
There is One PVC/NSVC per Bearer Channel
There is one NSE for all the PVC of one PCU
PCM 2
BC 3
5 Annex 11
TDMA and PDCH
5 Annex 12
Network Mode of Operation I with Master Channel
BSC
CCCH
PCCCH
PACCH
Um
MSC
VLR
SGSN
A
Gb
Gs
CS paging for GPRS-attached MS in idle state (a), or in data transfer state (b)
CS paging for non GPRS-attached MS GPRS paging
(a)
(b)
5 Annex 13
MOBILE ONE PHASE ACCESS ON PCCH (Master PDCH)
NETWORK
Packet channel request PRACH
Packet UL assignment + polling
indication PAGCH
Usf Scheduling
Packet Control ACK PACCH
RLC data bloc PDTCH
TFI
PDCH
USF
TA
Packet UL ACK NACK PACCH
Usf Scheduling
RLC data bloc PDTCH
Packet UL ACK NACK PACCH
5 Annex 14
MOBILE ONE PHASE ACCESS ON CCCH (no master PDCH)
NETWORK
Channel request RACH
Immediate assignment AGCH
Packet uplink assignment + polling
indication PACCH
TFI PDCH USF TA
TFI PDCH USF
Packet control ACK PACCH
5 Annex 15
MOBILE ORIGINATING DATA TRANSFERT
BSS SGSN
STAND BY
READY
PACKET DOWNLINK ASSIGNEMENT
UL UNIDATA
RLC PDU
Paquet channel request
Paquet UL assignement
UL TBF
Establishment
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
PACKET UPLINK ACK/NACK
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
RLC PDU
UL UNIDATA
UL TBF
Release
5 Annex 16
MOBILE TERMINATING DATA TRANSFERT
BSS SGSN
STAND BY
READY
LLC PDU
DL UNIDATA
UL UNIDATA
PACKET DOWNLINK ASSIGNEMENT
PAGING PS
Packet Paging Request
channel request
Paquet UL assignement
UL TBF
DL TBF
5 Annex 17
GMM - Combined GPRS and NSS attach with Gs (1)
HLR
Attach_request (IMSI)
Triplet request ( rand kc sres )
Authentication
Update_location
IMSI current SGSN
Insert_subscriber_data
Update_location_ack
IMSI TLLI + current RA + subscription data
Attach_accept (TLLI)
MS TLLI
TLLI Established
SGSN
5 Annex 18
GMM - Combined GPRS and NSS attach with Gs (2)
Location_Update_req (IMSI, LAI)
Insert_subscriber_data
Update_location_ack
Location_Update_accept
Update_ location (IMSI, @VLR)
IMSI current VLR
HLR
SGSN
MSC/VLR
5 Annex 19
GMM - RA update Inter-SGSN (1)
Routing_Area_update_req (RA
1
)
SGSN_context_req (RA
1
, TLLI, @SGSN
2
)
SGSN_context_resp (MM_ctxt, PDP_ctxt)
Update_PDP_context_req (TID, @SGSN
2
)
Update_PDP _context_resp
transfer of stored packets
SGSN_context_ack
new
SGSN
old
SGSN
GGSN
5 Annex 20
GMM - RA update Inter-SGSN (2)
cancel_location (IMSI)
cancel_location_ack
Update_location (IMSI, @SGSN
2
)
Update_location_ack
insert_subscriber_data (+ack)
Routing_Area_update_accept (TLLI)
Routing_Area_update_complete
new
SGSN
old
SGSN
HLR
5 Annex 21
SMS-MT on GPRS-Gd interface-
SM transfer
SRI_for_SM ([GPRS supported])
forward_SM (SM)
SM transfer
report
SRI_for_SM_res (MSC@ and/or SGSN@)
forward_SM_res
report
SGSN
HLR
SMS
GMSC
SMS
SC
5 Annex 22
"Mobile User Activity" Procedure
GPRS_Attach_request
Ready_for_SM (IMSI)
If MNRG=1
MNRG 0
Alert_Service_Center
Alert_Service_Center_ack
SGSN
HLR
SMS
GMSC
5 Annex 23
SM - PDP context activation review
NSAPI
1
+ PDP context
1
NSAPI
2
+ PDP context
2
IMSI TLLI
- @ MS + IP/X25
- APN
- QoS
(NSAPI
1
+ PDP context
1
+ @ of GGSN
1
)
IMSI TLLI + current RA
+ subscription data
(NSAPI
2
+ PDP context
2
+ @ of GGSN
2
)
SGSN
TID
1
+ PDP context
1
IMSI @ current SGSN GGSN
IMSI @ current SGSN HLR
5 Annex 24
The Gb interface - Frame Relay overview
User connected to the frame relay network through a synchronous access lineBased on
semi-permanent connection, PVC
A PVC is identified on each end by a local connection identity : DLCI possible control of
data loss (use of CRC)
User to network signaling is carried by a specific PVC tagged with the DLCI 0
Frame Relay Frame Relay DLCI
b
access line
DLCIm
DLCIp
PVC 1
DLCI=0 (Sig)
DLCIp
D
L
C
Im
D
L
C
Ia
PVC 2
access line
PVC 3
DLCIb
Frame Frame
Relay Relay
SGSN
Gb
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
Gb
Frame
Relay

Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
PCU1
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
PCU2
BC
1
= TS
a
, TS
b
,...
BC
2
= TS
u
, TS
v
,
Bearer Channel
BC
3
= TS
i
, TS
j
,
BC
4
= TS
x
, TS
y
,
BC
a
= all TS
BC
b
PCM
2
PCM
a
PCM
b
PCM
PCM
1
5 Annex 25
The Gb interface - physical layer
Gb
SGSN
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
Gb
Frame Relay
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
PCU1
BC
1
Bearer Channel
BC
4
BC
a
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
PCU2
Frame Frame
Relay Relay
PVC
2
PVC
3
PVC
4
DLCIo
DLCIr
PVC
PVC
1
DLCIm
DLCIp
5 Annex 26
The Gb interface - SubNetwork Service layer
5 Annex 27
The Gb interface - Network Service Control layer
Gb
SGSN
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
Gb
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
PCU1
Physical
layer
SNS
BSSGP
NSC
PCU2
Frame Frame
Relay Relay
NS-VCI=12
NS-VCI=13
NS-VCI=14
NS-VC
NS-VCI= 11
BSC
1
BSC
2
NSEI x
NSEI y
NSE
Physical
layer
SNS
NSC

SGSN
Physical
layer
SNS
NSC
Gb
Physical
layer
SNS
NSC
PCU1
PCU2
BSC
1
NSE
BVC cell
BVCI=i
BVCI=j
BVCI=k
BSC
2
BVCI=m
BVCI=p
BVCI=n
BSSGP
B
V
C
I=
i, B
V
C
I=
j, B
V
C
I=
k
B
V
C
I
=
m
, B
V
C
I=
n
, B
V
C
I=
p
5 Annex 28
The Gb interface - BSS GPRS Protocol
5 Annex 29
R97/98 QoS attributes
Precedence Precedence Name Interpretation
1 High priority Service commitments shall be maintained ahead of precedence classes 2 and 3.
2 Normal priority Service commitments shall be maintained ahead of precedence class 3.
3 Low priority Service commitments shall be maintained after precedence classes 1 and 2.
Reliability
Class
GTP Mode LLC Frame
Mode
LLC Data
Protection
RLC Block
Mode
Traffic Type
1 Acknowledged Acknowledged Protected Acknowledged Non real-time traffic,
error-sensitive
application that cannot
cope with data loss.
2 Unacknowledged Acknowledged Protected Acknowledged Non real-time traffic,
error-sensitive
application that can
cope with infrequent
data loss.
3 Unacknowledged Unacknowledged Protected Acknowledged Non real-time traffic,
error-sensitive
application that can
cope with data loss,
GMM/SM, and SMS.
4 Unacknowledged Unacknowledged Protected Unacknowledged Real-time traffic, error-
sensitive application that
can cope with data loss.
5 Unacknowledged Unacknowledged Unprotected Unacknowledged Real-time traffic, error
non-sensitive application
that can cope with data
loss.
5 Glossary of abbreviations used
A to L
>
ALMAP: ALcatel MAnagement Platform
>
APN: Access Point Name
>
AS: Alpha Server (Compaq)
>
BG: Border Gateway
>
BSC: Base Station Controller
>
BSS: Base Station Subsystem
>
BSCGP: BSC-GPRS Protocol
>
BSSGP: BSS-GPRS Protocol
>
BVCI: BSSGP Virtual Connection Identifier
>
CCBS: Customer Care and Billing Center
>
CCU: Channel Codec Unit
>
CDR: Call Detail Record
>
CG: Charging Gateway
>
CS: Circuit Switching
>
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
>
DL: Down Link
>
DLCI= Data Link Connection Identifier
>
DNS: Domain Name System
>
EDGE: Enhanced Data rates for GSM
Evolution
>
FUMO : Frame Unit Module
>
FR: Frame Relay
>
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
>
GGSN: Gateway GSN
>
GMM: GPRS Mobility Management
>
GR: GPRS Register
>
GSL: GPRS Signaling Link
>
GSM: Global System for Mobile
communication
>
GSN: GPRS Support Node
>
GSS: GPRS Sub-System
>
GTP: GPRS Tunneling Protocol
>
HLR: Home Location Register
>
HSCSD: High Speed Circuit-Switching Data
M to R
>
IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity
> IP: Internet Protocol
>
ISDN : Integrated Service Digital Network
> ISP: Internet Service Provider
>
LAN: Local Area Network
> LLC: Logical Link Control
>
MAC: Medium Access Control
> MFS: Multi-Bsc Fast packet Server
>
MNRG: Mobile Not Reachable for Gprs
> MS: Mobile Station
>
MSC: Mobile Switching Center
>
MT: Mobile Terminal
>
NDL :
>
NE: Network Element
>
NMC: Network Management Center
>
NNM: Network Node Manager
>
NRPA : Network Requested PDP Context Activation
>
NSAPI: Network Service Access Point Identifier
>
NSC: Network Service Control layer
>
NSEI: Network Service Entity Identifier
>
NSS: Network Sub-System
> NS-VC: Network Service- Virtual Circuit
>
NTP: Network Time Protocol
> DB : On Demand Bandwidth
>
OMC: Operation & Maintenance Center
> OS: Operation System
>
PAGCH: Packet- Access Grant Channel
> PCCCH: Packet- Common Control CHannel
>
PCO: Protocol Configuration Options
> PCU: Packet Control Unit
>
PDCH: Packet Data CHannel
>
PDN: Packet Data Network
>
PDP: Packet Data Protocol (IP or X25)
>
PDU: Protocol Data Unit
>
PPCH: Packet- Paging CHannel
>
PRACH: Packet- Random Access CHannel
>
PS: Packet Switching
R to Z
P-TMSI: Packet- Temporary Mobile Subscriber
Identity
>
PVC: Permanent Virtual Circuit
>
P-VLR: Packet- Visitors Location Register
>
QoS: Quality of Service
>
RA: Routing Area
>
RIP : Routing Information Protocol
>
RLC: Radio Link Control
>
RADIUS: Remote Authentication Dial In Use
Service
>
RRDTUF : Roaming Restriction Data Towards
Unknown Foreign PLMN
>
RRM: Radio Resource Management
>
RSZ : Regional Subscription Zone
>
SGSN: Serving GSN
>
SM: Session Management | Short Message
>
SMS: Short Message Service
>
SMS-C: SMS-Center
>
SNDCP: Sub Network-Dependent Convergence
Protocol
>
SNMP: Simple Network Management
Protocol
>
SNS: Sub-Network Service layer
>
TBF: Temporary Block Flow
>
TC: Trans Coder
>
TCH: Traffic CHannel
>
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
>
TDMA: Time-Division Multiplexing Access
>
TFI: Temporary block Flow Identifier
>
TID: Tunnel IDentity
>
TLLI: Temporary Logical Link Identity
>
TMN: Telecommunication Management
Protocol
>
TS: Time Slot
>
UDP: User Datagram protocol
>
UL: Up Link
>
UMTS: Universal Mobile Transmission
System
>
WAP: Wireless Application Protocol
>
WAN: Wide Area Network
5 Main GPRS Standards
> EN 301 344 (GSM 03.60)GPRS Service description stage 2
> TS 101 350 (GSM 03.64) Overall description of the GPRS radio interface, stage 2
> GSM 04.60 GPRS MS-BSS interface. RLC/MAC protocols
> TS 101 351 (GSM 04.64) MS-SGSN Logical Link Control layer
> TS 101 297 (GSM 04.65) MS-SGSN Sub-Network-Dependent Convergence Protocol layer
> TS 101 356 (GSM 07.60) MS supporting GPRS
> GSM 08.18 BSS-SGSN BSS GPRS Protocol (BSSGP)
>
EN 301 347 (GSM 09.60)GPRS Tuneling Protocol (GTP) across the Gn and Gp interface
>
TS 101 348 (GSM 09.61) GPRS inter-working between PLMN and PDN
>
TR 10.18 (GSM 10.18) O&M in GPRS
>
TS 101 393 (GSM 12.15) GPRS charging

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