Typology of 21 Nursing Problems

Faye Glenn Abdellah

We cannot wait for the world to change. Those of us with intelligence, purpose, and vision must take the lead and change the world. Let us move forward together! I promise never to rest until my work has been completed!"

SHORT HISTORY

Born on March 13, 1919 Pioneer in nursing research She helped transform nursing theory, nursing care and nursing education and as a result was inducted into The National Womens Hall of fame in 2000.

SHORT HISTORY

She developed educational materials in many key areas of public health, including AIDS, the mentally handicap, violence, hospice care, smoking cessation, alcoholism, and drug addiction. Describe nursing as a service to individuals, tofamilies, and therefore to society. According to her, nursing is based on an art and competencies, and technical skills of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help people, sick or well, cope with their health needs.

Typology of 21 Nursing Problems

1. To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort. 2. To promote optimal activity: exercise, rest and sleep. 3. To promote safety through the prevention of accidents, injury, or other trauma and through the prevention of the spread of infection. 4. To maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformities
BASIC TO ALL PATIENTS

Typology of 21 Nursing Problems

SUSTENAL CARE NEEDS 5. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells. 6. To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells. 7. To facilitate the maintenance of elimination. 8. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance. 9. To recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease condition.

Typology of 21 Nursing Problems

REMEDIAL CARE NEEDS

10. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions. 11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensory function 12. To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings, and reactions. 13. To identify and accept the interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness.

Typology of 21 Nursing Problems

RESTORATIVE CARE NEEDS

14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non verbal communication. 15. To promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships.
16. To facilitate progress toward achievement of personal spiritual goals. 17. To create and or maintain a therapeutic environment.

Typology of 21 Nursing Problems

18. To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying physical , emotional, and developmental needs. 19. To accept the optimum possible goals in the light of limitations, physical and emotional. 20. To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising from illness. 21. To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the case of illness

Abdellahs Metaparadigm in Nursing

Person

Abdellah describes people as having physical, emotional, and sociological needs. These needs may overt, consisting of largely physical needs, or covert, such as emotional and social needs. Patient is described as the only justification for the existence of nursing. Individuals (and families) are the recipients of nursing Health, or achieving of it, is the purpose of nursing services.

Abdellahs Metaparadigm in Nursing

Nursing
Nursing is a helping profession. In Abdellahs model, nursing care is doing something to or for the person or providing information to the person with the goals of meeting needs, increasing or restoring self-help ability, or alleviating impairment. Nursing is broadly grouped into the 21 problem areas to guide care and promote use of nursing judgment. She considers nursing to be comprehensive service that is based on artand science and aims to help people, sick or well, cope with their healthneeds.

Abdellahs Metaparadigm in Nursing

Health
In Patient Centered Approaches to Nursing, Abdellah describes health as a state mutually exclusive of illness

Abdellahs Metaparadigm in Nursing

Society/Environment
The environment is the home or community from which patient comes

USE OF 21 PROBLEMS IN THE NURSING PROCESS

ASSESSMENT PHASESESSMENT PHASE Nursing problems provide guidelines for the collection of data. A principle underlying the problem solving approach is that for each identified problem, pertinent data are collected. The overt or covert nature of the problems necessitates a direct or indirect approach, respectively.

USE OF 21 PROBLEMS IN THE NURSING PROCESS

NURSING DIAGNOSISNURSING DIAGNOSIS The results of data collection would determine the clients specific overt or covert problems. These specific problems would be grouped under one or more of the broader nursing problems. This step is consistent with that involved in nursing diagnosis.

USE OF 21 PROBLEMS IN THE NURSING PROCESS

PLANNING PHASENING PHASE The statements of nursing problems most closely resemble goal statements. Therefore, once a problem has been diagnosed, the goals have been established.

USE OF 21 PROBLEMS IN THE NURSING PROCESS

IMPLEMENTATION Using the goals as the framework, a plan is developed and appropriate nursing interventions are determined.

USE OF 21 PROBLEMS IN THE NURSING PROCESS

EVALUATION According to the American Nurses Association Standards of Nursing Practice, the plan is evaluated in terms of the clients progress or lack of progress toward the achievement of the stated goal.