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The No. of the infants received measles vaccine in the year 2002 in city Y X100 The total No. of the targeted infants during the same year & locality
3. Elimination of measles.
4. Reduce
seroprevalence of
(HBsAg)to <1%
HBV
At birth
Diseases
Type of vaccine
Dose
Rout of administration
1-BCG
TB
2-HBV
Hepatitis B
0.5 ml
IM thigh
2ndmonth
Diseases
Type of vaccine
Dose
1-OPV 2-HiB
2 drops 0.5 ml
3-HBV
Hepatitis B
0.5 ml
IM thigh
4-DPT
0.5 ml
IM thigh
4th month
Diseases
Type of vaccine
Dose
1-OPV 2-HiB
2 drops 0.5 ml
3-DPT
0.5 ml
IM thigh
6 th month
Diseases
Type of vaccine
Dose
1-OPV 2-HiB
Live attenuated polysaccharide conjugate Recombinant, yeast derived HBs antigen Toxoid (D) Toxoid (T) Killed pertussis (P)
2 drops 0.5 ml
3-HBV
Hepatitis B
0.5 ml
IM thigh
4-DPT
0.5 ml
IM thigh
12th month
The disease
Measles, Mumps German Measles
Dose
Mode of administration
1-MMR
0.5 ml
Subcutaneous
18th month
Diseases
Type of vaccine
Dose
1-OPV 2-HiB
2 drops 0.5 ml
3-DPT
0.5 ml
IM thigh
4- 6th years
Diseases
Type of vaccine
Dose
1-OPV 2-MMR
2 drops
0.5 ml
IM thigh
3-DPT
0.5 ml
IM thigh
HB Vaccine:
at birth,2nd,6th month Recombinant, yeast derived HBs antigen
0.5 ml IM anterolateral of the thigh
OPV : (Sabin)
2nd , 4th, 6th, 18th& 4- 6th years
Hib Vaccine
Severe bacterial infection, particularly among infants During late 19th century believed to cause influenza Immunology and microbiology clarified in 1930s
Organism colonizes nasopharynx In some persons organism invades bloodstream and cause infection at distant site Antecedent upper respiratory tract infection may be a contributing factor
Bacteremia 2%
*prevaccination era
conjugate vaccine,
It is made by joining a piece of the polysaccharide capsule that surrounds the Hib bacterium to a protein carrier.
Accounted for approximately 50%-65% of cases in the prevaccine era Hearing impairment or neurologic sequelae in 15%30% Case-fatality rate 2%-5% despite of effective antimicrobial therapy
Incidence
15 10 5 0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Year
After a Hib primary series of two or three doses,95% of infants develop protective antibodies
Small child receiving Hib vaccine into the muscles of the thigh.
Adolescent receiving Hib vaccine into the deltoid muscle of the arm.
Give all infants, including premature infants, a primary series of Hib vaccine beginning at 2 months of age. Do not administer Hib vaccine to infants younger than 6 weeks of age because this
vaccination are
1-local reactions: swelling, redness, or pain at the injection site. 2-Fever also can occur in as many as 5% of recipients. Fever usually starts within the 1st 24 hours of vaccination and may last for 2 to 3 days. These reactions can be treated with
DPT vaccine:
2nd, 4th ,6th, 18th months& 4-6 years
(D ,T) Toxoid & Diphtheria , (P) Killed pertussis
DPT:
2nd, 4th ,6th, 18th months& 4-6 years
DT:
No pertussis component
dT:
No pertussis component. A small dose of diphtheria toxoid is given at school entry or after the age of six years.
MMR Vaccination:
12th month& 4-6 years Live attenuated ( Three : measles, German measles& Mumps) 0.5 ml Subcutaneous arm
simultaneously.
2-The recommended interval between two doses of - Live attenuated vaccine . - Inactivated vaccines. 3-The only live attenuated vaccine given to HIV child is
measles
Contraindications to vaccinations:
Absolute
Temporary
Temporary:
1- Pregnancy. 2- Severe illness that needs hospitalization. 3- Immunosuppression. 4- Recent receipt of blood.
Each round should be completed within a short period of time (3days). High risk districts are those: Where the wild polio virus is still circulating
What is the difference between the NIDs and the out reach Strategy?
The outreach is carried for routine immuniation that is compusory
Missed opportunity :
It occurs when a child or a woman in child bearing period comes to the health facility or outreach site and does not receive any of the vaccine doses for which he or she is eligible.
Failure to administer simultaneously all the vaccines for which the child is eligible.
False contraindications to immunization.
The administrative levels of cold chain according to the duration of the storage and the temperature required to keep the vaccine potent The administrative level Central & regional stores Storage period Temperature The vaccines OPV, Measles, MMR,BCG
0C to+8C
+2 to +8C
The procedures
Refrigeration equipment:
Refrigerator Cold boxes Vaccine carriers The ice packs retained in the freezer -To stabilize the temperature of the refrigerator at the
optimum level.
- Fully frozen ice-packs are used for lining the vaccines carriers and the cold boxes during storing the vaccines
1-The refrigerator :
Placed in the coolest place of the health centers away from sunlight Well ventilated and adequate air circulation around it . Kept locked and open only when necessary. Defrosted regularly . Ice packs are kept in the freezer.
Question:
What is the optimum Temperature of the
+2 C to +8C
Cold box
ice Packs
Vaccine carrier
Vaccine carrier
5- Shake Test
+8C +2C
2-Cold Chain Monitor Card: is used to show cumulative exposure to Temp. above the safe range during storage& transportation . It has an indicator that responds to two different Temps: the first part marked as ABC, responds to Temp above +10C; the 2nd part marked as D responds to Temps. above +34C.
The front of the cold chain monitor has: (1)A record form that health workers fill in to show when vaccines are received. (2) An indicator that is a heat-sensitive strip with four windows, marked A, B, C and D. (3) An interpretation guide explaining what to do with vaccines that have been exposed to high temperatures. (4) A space for filling in the following information: name of supplier/manufacturer, type of vaccine.
SAFE If the inner square is lighter than the outer ring and the expiration date is valid, the vaccine is usable
SPOILED If the inner square matches or is darker than the outer ring, the vaccine must be discarded.