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WITH A WARM THANKS TO MY PARENTS AND MY BIO TEACHER MRS. TEJWINDER KAUR, I WOULD FEEL GREAT PRESENTING MY THIS ASSIGNMENT IN FORM OF POWER PRESENTATION.THIS PROJECT HAS TAKEN ME AROUND 3 DAYS TO COMPILE AND EDIT.I AM GREATLY THANKFUL TO MY PARENTS AND BROTHER FOR HELPING ME COMPLETING THIS PROJECT ********
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Disposal means
any operation which may lead to resource recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative uses.
Solid wastes:
Examples:
trash
plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other
wastes in liquid form
Liquid Wastes:
Examples:
industries
domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds, manufacturing and other sources
Bio-degradable
can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)
Non-biodegradable
cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old machines, cans, styrofoam containers and others)
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Hazardous wastes
Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, any part of the territory of the Philippines
Non-hazardous
Substances safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, any part of the territory of the Philippines
Sources of Wastes
Households
Sources of Wastes
Agriculture
Fisheries
Hungary
Poland Romania Bahrain
102 M tonnes/year
130 M tonnes/year 607 M tonnes/year 92,000 tonnes/year
China
Philippines
6 B tonnes/year
1.3 M tonnes/year
In Metro Manila:
It is estimated that 25 million m3 of acid and alkaline liquid waste is disposed of annually from the electronics industry. Almost 2,000 m3 of solvents and 22,000 tonnes of heavy metals, infectious wastes, biological sludges, lubricants and intractable wastes are disposed of on land or into water courses. 4,000 tonnes of solid wastes are generated daily. Of these, only about 3,400 tonnes are collected and transported to existing sites.
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Affects our health Affects our socio-economic conditions Affects our coastal and marine environment Affects our climate
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EFFECTS OF WASTE
According to NAS:
GHGs are accumulating in Earths atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing global mean surface air temperature and subsurface ocean temperature to rise. Rising global temperatures are expected to raise sea levels and change precipitation and other local climate conditions. Changing regional climates could alter forests, crop yields, and water supplies. This could also affect human health, animals, and many types of ecosystems. Deserts might expand into existing rangelands, and features of some of our national parks might be permanently altered.
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According to NAS:
- Some countries are expected to become warmer, although sulfates might limit warming in some areas. - Scientists are unable to determine which parts of those countries will become wetter or drier, but there is likely to be an overall trend toward increased precipitation and evaporation, more intense rainstorms, and drier soils.
- Whether rainfall increases or decreases cannot be reliably projected for specific areas.
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Effects of waste.
Activities that have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere:
-Buildup
of GHGs primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N20).
-C02
is released to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels, wood and wood products, and solid waste.
-CH4
is emitted from the decomposition of organic wastes in landfills, the raising of livestock, and the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil.
-N02 is
emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels. In 1977, the US emitted about one-fifth of total global GHGs.
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Reduce Waste
- Reduce office paper waste by implementing a formal policy to duplex all draft reports and by making training manuals and personnel information available electronically.
- Improve product design to use less materials. - Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material while maintaining strength.
Reuse
- Reuse corrugated moving boxes internally.
- Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as interoffice envelopes, file folders, and paper.
- Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups, and glasses. - Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing shipments. - Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather than purchase new ones.
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Employee Education
- education campaign on waste management that includes an extensive internal web site, quarterly newsletters, daily bulletins, promotional signs and helpful reference labels within the campus of an institution.
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Conduct outreach program adopting an ecologically sound waste management system which includes:
waste reduction segregation at source composting recycling and re-use more efficient collection more environmentally sound disposal
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1. 2.
construction of backyard compost pit construction of storage bins where recyclable and reusable materials are stored by each household construction of storage centers where recyclable and reusable materials collected by the street sweepers are stored prior to selling to junk dealers maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets greening of their respective areas encouraging others to join
3.
4. 5. 6.
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What is an EMS?
An EMS is a formal set of policies and procedures that define how an organization will evaluate, manage, and track its environmental impact. It follows the basic model:
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