CDMA ONE ,IS95

UPLINK FREQ. DOWN LINK FRE. DUPLEXING MULTI ACCESS MODULATION CARRIER SEPAR. CHANNEL DATA RATE VOICE CHANNEL PER CARRIER SPEECH CODING 824-849 MHZ 869-894 MHZ FDD CDMA BPSK 1.25 MHZ 1.2288MCPS 64

GSM,DCS-1900
890-915 MHz 935-960 MHz FDD TDMA GMSK 200KHZ 260.833KBPS 8

CELP @ 13 Kbps, RPEEVRC @ 8 Kbps LTP@13KBPS

 3-G

is next generation of mobile service capabilities in terms of Bandwidth and Network Functions.

For paired bands(FDD)-- 19201980 Mhz. 21102170 Mhz. For Unpaired band(TDD)-- 19001920 Mhz. 20102025 Mhz.

DECT

1880

1900

1785

1805

1920

1980

2010

TD D

DCS

DCS

WRC-92 UMTS

TDD

MSS

WRC-92 UMTS

MSS 2170

UTRAN FDD
5 Mhz

UE

DL : 5 MHz @ 2110-2170 MHz 30 MHz UL : 5 MHz @ 1920-1980 MHz

Frequency Division Duplex 12 Carriers of 5MHz

TDD
5 Mhz

Guard Time DL UL DL UL

Time Division Duplex

Unpaired bands: 1900-1920 MHz & 2010-2025MHz

Frequency Used in MTNL NW UL Freq.: 1966.5 Mhz DL Freq.: 2156.5 Mhz

Ch. No. 9832 Ch. No. 10782

Spectrum in 2.1 GHZ Band ( UHF IN Electromagnetic spectrum) UPLINK = 1885-----2025 MHZ DOWNLINK = 21102200 MHZ.

Carrier separation = 5 MHZ

F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1

F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1

5MHz Channel bandwidth

Network typically on 1 or 2 carriers

Initially deploy all sites on ONE frequency

Virtually no frequency planning required

Each user on same frequency separated by Codes

Paired radio carriers of 5Mhz used. Must be separated from each other by min 130Mhz. 5Mhz shared by multiple users. Users separated by channelisation codes. Theoritical limit of 512 user per carrier. In GSM , MS transmit and receive on fixed time slot, but in FDD mode MS can transmit and receive on any slot and on any frame.

Single 5 Mhz used for uplink and downlink. Frame of 10ms and divided into 15 time slots. Atleast one time slot each to be used for uplink and downlink. In downlink ,16 codes are used per time slot ,shared by multiple users. In uplink 1,2,4,8 or 16 codes used. Each code defining individual physical channel.

Radio Interface Spreading & Scrambling Codes

Spreading Codes (OVSF) Downlink To separate different users in the same cell. To separate different physical channels of one user. Scrambling Code

To separate different cells. To separate different users.

Uplink

3G provides data speeds of: 2Mbps in fixed or in building environments,

384Kbps in pedestrian or urban environments

144Kbps in wide area mobile environments
2500 2000

Kbps

1500 1000 500 0 2G GPRS EDGE 3G

3G is considerably faster than 2G and 2.5G technology.

12

Support of bit rate upto 2Mbps. Mechanism for Bandwidth on demand and variable bit-rate services. Quality services of speech,video,packet data Higher spectrum efficiency Co-existence with 2-G systems.

Due to limitation of 2-g

Low transfer rate

Low efficiency for packet-switched services

Multiple air and network standards.

Potential 3-g services includes:--Voice, video calls E-mail SMS FAX,IPTV Multimedia, Television Broadcast. E-commerce,video conferencing

Common Radio interface. Common Network Backbone . Technology and service Flexible. Modular Design---means 3G Implemented Stand Alone or in Many Existing Networks with Gateways and Interworking units:
Framework for Mobility Services from Fixed Network Multiple Networks in Same Area Can Be Used to Provide One Service

2G Technology Technology
IS-95 CDMA

3G
cdma2000

GSM

W-CDMA

IS-136 TDMA

UWC-136

Standards

3G Standard is created by ITU-T and is called as IMT-2000. The aim of IMT-2000 is to harmonize worldwide 3G systems to provide Global Roaming.

19

International Mobile Telecommunication Standards For the 21st Century: IMT - 2000 ITU Radio and Network Standards Phased Implementation Allocated Spectrum 1.8 - 2.2 Ghz Family of Systems / Standards Support Circuit Data, Digital Voice and Packet Services Minimum Speeds: 144 kbit - Vehicle, 384 kbit - Pedestrian, 2 Mbps - Fixed

IMT-2000 Family

Member A Member B

Member C

The Family Members Must:

Communicate With Each Other & Support:
Each Others Users via Roaming Circuit Switched Voice Packet Switched Data Services

Interworking
3GPPs primarily, and ITU secondarily, plans to Develop this Function where it is needed

UMTS is the European vision of 3G. UMTS is an upgrade from GSM via GPRS or EDGE. The standardization work for UMTS is carried out by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Data rates of UMTS are: 144 kbps for rural 384 kbps for urban outdoor 2048 kbps for indoor and low range outdoor Virtual Home Environment (VHE)

23

USER EQUIPMENT(UE)
USIM MOBILE EQUIPMENT

ACCESS NETWORK(AN)
BSS-----RNS BSC-----RNC BTS-----NODE B

CORE NETWORK(CN)
CIRCUIT SWITCHED DOMAIN(CS)
PACKET SWITCHED DOMAIN(PS) COMMON ENTITIES

Mobile Station

Base Station Subsystem

Network Subsystem

Other Networks

SIM

ME

BTS

BSC

MSC/ VLR

GMSC PSTN

EIR

HLR

AUC

PLMN

RNS
Node B RNC SGSN GGSN Internet

USIM

ME

SD

UTRAN

Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

27

UMTS network architecture consists of three domains:

Core Network (CN) : To provide switching, routing and transit for user traffic.

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) : Provides the air interface access method for User Equipment. User Equipment (UE) : Terminals work as air interface counterpart for Node B. The various identities are: IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI, TLLI, MSISDN, IMEI, IMEISV.
29

Wide band CDMA technology is selected for UTRAN air interface. Base Station is referred to as Node-B and control equipment for Node-Bs is called is called as Radio Network Controller (RNC).
Functions of Node B are: Air Interface Tx/Rx Modulation / Demodulation Functions of RNC are: Radio Resource Control Channel Allocation Power Control Settings Handover Control Ciphering Segmentation and Reassembly

30

SGSN

PS-DOMAIN
GGSN

AUC

HLR

EIR

To access network
GMSC

MSC/VLR

CS-DOMAIN

CS-CIRCUIT SWITCHED PS-PACKET SWITCHED

HLR---HOME LOCATION REGISTER AUC---AUTHENTICATION CENTRE EIR----EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION REGISTER

LOCATION AREA ROUTING AREA

UTRAN REGIS AREA NODE -B

NODE -B

PLMN IDENTIFIER = MCC + MNC = 3 DIGITS + 2/3 DIGITS Where, MCC = Mobile country code MNC= Mobile Network code

LAI = MCC + MNC + LAC = 3 DIGITS +2/3 DIGITS + 2 OCTETS

Where, MCC = Mobile country code MNC= Mobile Network code LAC = Location Area Code

RAI = LAI + RAC

WHERE , RAC= Routing Area Code ----1-octet. LAI = MCC + MNC+LAC

GSN = Address Type + Address length +Address = 2-bits + 6-bits + n-octets Where, For ipv4= Address Type=0,Add.Length=4,n=4 For ipv6= Address Type=1,Add.Length=6,n=16

CGI = LAI + C I = MCC +MNC +LAC +CI Where, CI= Cell Identity of 2-octets.