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  • Engines:: 1. External Combustion

    Transféré par

    lrgs92
    47 vues16 pages
    There are two main types of engines: external combustion engines where combustion occurs outside the engine and heat is transferred into it, and internal combustion engines where combustion occurs within the engine cylinders. Internal combustion engines can be classified based on their fuel, cycle, ignition, cooling, cylinder arrangement, and speed. The key components of an engine include the engine block, cylinder block, crankshaft, pistons, connecting rods, camshaft, and valves. Four-stroke engines complete their cycle over four strokes while two-stroke engines complete it in two strokes, with differences in power output, efficiency, and design. Spark ignition gasoline engines use spark plugs for ignition while compression ignition diesel engines rely on heat from compression for ignition.

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    Engine

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    There are two main types of engines: external combustion engines where combustion occurs outside the engine and heat is transferred into it, and internal combustion engines where combustion occurs within the engine cylinders. Internal combustion engines can be classified based on their fuel, cycle, ignition, cooling, cylinder arrangement, and speed. The key components of an engine include the engine block, cylinder block, crankshaft, pistons, connecting rods, camshaft, and valves. Four-stroke engines complete their cycle over four strokes while two-stroke engines complete it in two strokes, with differences in power output, efficiency, and design. Spark ignition gasoline engines use spark plugs for ignition while compression ignition diesel engines rely on heat from compression for ignition.

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    47 vues16 pages

    Engines:: 1. External Combustion

    Transféré par

    lrgs92
    There are two main types of engines: external combustion engines where combustion occurs outside the engine and heat is transferred into it, and internal combustion engines where combustion occurs within the engine cylinders. Internal combustion engines can be classified based on their fuel, cycle, ignition, cooling, cylinder arrangement, and speed. The key components of an engine include the engine block, cylinder block, crankshaft, pistons, connecting rods, camshaft, and valves. Four-stroke engines complete their cycle over four strokes while two-stroke engines complete it in two strokes, with differences in power output, efficiency, and design. Spark ignition gasoline engines use spark plugs for ignition while compression ignition diesel engines rely on heat from compression for ignition.

    Droits d'auteur :

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PPT, PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 16

    ENGINES:

    1. External combustion: - Power is produced in an unit other than the one in which heat is generated - A working fluid which is usually an inert gas is used to carry heat - One or two heat exchangers are used - Temperature of working fluid < Temp. of fuel Overall efficiency is less - Eg. Steam engine 2. Internal combustion: - Power is produced from the same unit in which combustion takes place - Combustion takes place in an enclosed volume known as combustion chamber 3. Classification of IC engines: 1. Fuel used: 5. Cylinder arrangement: - Petrol - Inline - Diesel -V - Gas 2. Working cycle: 6. Cylinder orientation: - Otto - Horizontal - Diesel - Vertical - Dual 3. Ignition: 7. Speed: - Spark Ignition - Slow - Compression Ignition - Medium 4. Cooling: - High - Water colled/Oil cooled - Air cooled

    Components:

    Components: 1. Engine block 2. Cylinder block 3. Oil pan 4. Liner 5. Crankshaft 6. Main bearings 7. Crank pin 8. Piston 9. Piston rings 10. Connecting rod 11. Piston pin 11. Camshaft 12. Valves 13. Valve spring

    Components: 1. Engine block 2. Cylinder block 3. Oil pan 4. Liner 5. Crankshaft 6. Main bearings 7. Crank pin 8. Piston 9. Piston rings 10. Connecting rod 11. Piston pin 11. Camshaft 12. Valves 13. Valve spring

    Engine Nomenclature:
    1. Bore 2. Stroke 3. Clearance volume 4. Swept volume 5. Compression ratio 6. Mean effective pressure The fictitious pressure if acting on a piston, during the entire power stroke would produce the same amount of work as that Produced by the actual cycle.

    ENGINE OPERATION:
    4 STROKE ENGINE SI - petrol Strokes: 1. Inlet stroke 2. Compression stroke 3. Power stroke 4. Exhaust stroke Combustion starts when the spark plug ignites a spark inside the engine 4 STROKE ENGINE CI diesel Combustion starts due to high temperature produces During the compression stroke - self ignition

    TWO STROKE ENGINE:


    All the four strokes are completed in two strokes

    Difference between 4 stroke and 2 stroke engine:

    S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

    4 STROKE 1 cycle = 4 strokes, one power stroke in 2 revlons. of the crankshaft Power produced is less Thermal efficiency, part load efficiency is more Volumetric efficiency is more Valves, actuating mechanisms Lesser cooling, lubrication Initial cost high

    2 STROKE 1 cycle = 2 strokes, one power stroke in 1 Revlon. of crankshaft More Less less Ports are used More wear and hence more cooling, lubrication Cheap

    Difference between Spark Ignition (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI) engine:
    S.No. SPARK IGNITION(S.I.) COMPRESSION IGNITION(C.I.) Due to increase in temp of air fuel mixture 12 24

    Ignition by spark plug

    Compn. Ratio = 7 - 10

    Otto cycle Carburetted fuel supply or low pressure injection A/F ratio = 10:1 to 20:1 and Homogeneous High speeds Initial cost low but running cost high Thermal efficiency around 25 %

    Diesel / Dual cycle

    High pressure FIP A/F ratio = 18:1 to 100:1 and heterogeneous Low speeds Initial cost high but running cost low 40 %

    Less cranking effort

    More

    Engine Pollution: 1. HC 2. CO 3. NOx 4. Sox Fuels: 1. Petroleum related: 1. Gasoline 2. Diesel 3. LPG 4. CNG 5. Jet fuel

    2. Bio fuels and vegetable oils 1. Bio butanol 2. Bio Diesel 3. Bio ethanol 4. Bio gas Veg. oil like Jatropha

    Engine capacity: - displacement or swept volume by the piston - measured in litres (l), cubic inches - measured in cubic centimetre

    Lubrication system: Need for lubrication: Piston & Rings, Connecting rod bearings,etc 1. Petroil lubrication for 2S engine 2. Pressure feed lubrication for larger engines

    Cooling system:
    - function

    Fuel supply system:


    SI Engines: - Carburetion - Air and fuel mixed inside a carburetor to make homogeneous mixture - Fuel mixture enters into cylinder due to pressure difference created in suction stroke CI engines:

    - Only air is taken inside valves - Fuel is injected - Due to compression pressure high temp is attained, the air/fuel mixture self ignites
    Animation:

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