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CULTURE GENDER
SPIRITUALITY
Relationship Building
Empathy Unconditional positive regard Congruence Respect Immediacy Confrontation Concreteness Self-disclosure
Empathy
Description communicating a sense of caring and understanding Purpose to establish rapport, gain an understanding of the client, and encourage self-exploration in the client
Congruence
Description behaving in a manner consistent with how one thinks and feels Purpose to be genuine (not phony) in interactions with the client
Respect
Description focusing on the positive attributes of the client Purpose to focus on the clients strengths not weaknesses
Immediacy
Description communicating in the hereand-now about what is occurring in the counseling session Purpose to promote direct mutual communication between the counselor and client
Confrontation
Description pointing out discrepancies in what the client is saying and doing ( between statements and non-verbal behavior), and how the client is viewed by the counselor and client Purpose to help clients clearly and accurately understand themselves and the world around them
Concreteness
Description helping clients discuss themselves in specific terms Purpose to help clients focus on pertinent issues
Self-disclosure
Description Making the self known to others Purpose - to promote increasing counseling relevant communication from the client, enhancing the clients evaluation of the counselor, and increasing the clients willingness to seek counseling
Assessment
Standardized measures include psychological tests that have standardized norm group
Non-standardized measures do not have a standardized norm group and include strategies such as clinical interview and assessment of life history
Diagnosis
Facilitating communication shorthand Indicating possible treatment strategies
Problem-solving strategies
Problem detection Problem definition Identification of alternative solutions Decision-making
Execution
verification
Contd.
Ultimate goal in counseling is for counselors to become obsolete or unnecessary to their clients This can occur when clients have worked through their concerns and able to proceed forward in their lives without a counselors assistance A brief follow-up counseling session can be arranged to see how the client is doing and provide additional counseling sevices
Listening Skills
Helps clients tell their story and feel connected and understood by a caring and interested person Attending the verbal and nonverbal messages of clients Encouraging clients to freely express themselves Developing a phenomenological understanding of clients Responding in an appropriate manner
Probing
Avoid parroting
Avoid gimmicky phrases