RADIO FREQUENCY

IDENTIFICATION
Group Members:
Abhishek Mishra
Abhijot Bhutani
Ajay Sharma
Arpit Saxena
Sneha Chaudhary
Rushik Shah
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RFID: The
definition
• Short for radio frequency identification, RFID is a
dedicated short range communication (DSRC)
technology.
• The term RFID is used to describe various technologies
that use radio waves to automatically identify people or
objects.
• RFID technology is similar to the bar code identification
systems we see in retail stores everyday; however one big
difference between RFID and bar code technology is that
RFID does not rely on the line-of-sight reading that bar
code scanning requires to work.
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Components of
RFID
Tag
• Chip tags consist of a microchip and a coupling
element – an antenna.
• Chip tags can be both read-only (programmed
during manufacture) or, at higher complexity and
cost, read-write, or both.
• Chip tags contain memory.
• The size of the tag depends on the size of the
antenna, which increases with range of tag and
decreases with frequency.
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Components of RFID
(Cont.)
Reader
• The RFID Reader, which is also widely known as
interrogator, sends RF signal to request tag for
transmitting information within the chip.
• The response received from the tag is then
translated in to digital form and send to the
application software.
• Different types of readers are fixed readers,
handheld readers, network readers, readers
embedded in other mobile devices etc.
• Some interrogators not only read, but also remotely
write to, the tags.
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Components of RFID
(Cont.)
Antenna
• The antenna transmits an electromagnetic field,
which activates the tag.
• The antenna also receives the data from the tag
and sends it to the reader.
• Tags also require an antenna to transmit the
information to the reader and to receive
information from the reader if it is a rewritable
tag.
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Components of RFID
(Cont.)
Middleware
• Middleware is the interface needed between the
interrogator and the existing company databases
and information management software.
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Working
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• Standards & Regulations:-
o International Standards Organization
o International Electrotechnical Council
o European Telecommunications
o Standards Institute
o American National Standards Institute
o EPCGlobal
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Difference between
RFID and Bar Codes
• The big difference between the two is bar codes
are line-of-sight technology. That is, a reader has
to "see" the bar code to read it. On the other
hand Radio frequency identification, doesn’t
require line of sight. RFID tags can be read as
long as they are within range of a reader.
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Difference between
RFID and Bar Codes
(Cont.)
• The bar coding scans a printed label with optical
laser or imaging technology, while RFID scans,
or interrogates, a tag using radio frequency
signals.
• Bar codes utilize one-way, serialized, and
periodic data. RFID utilizes two-way, parallel,
and real-time data.
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RFID Applications
Following are the current uses/ applications of
RFID:-
• Employee identification cards
• Amusement Parks
• Automobiles- Use of RFID tags in keys
• RFID in Supply Chain Management
• RFID in Hospitals- To track Doctors, Patients etc.
• RFID Chips for animals
• RFID in Retail Stores- To track real time inventory.
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RFID Applications
Continued..
New emerging trends in RFID:
• Supply chain tracking
• Retail and inventory management
• Baggage handling
• Credit cards
• Health care ID and medical research data
• Smart passports
• Import/export processes
• Auto ID for tolls, ignition, parking
• Child and pet tracking
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RFID in SCM
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Benefits of RFID in
SCM
o Increase accuracy of orders
o Reduce inventory handling cost
o Improve inventory handling
o Fewer misplaced items (in warehouse)
o Reduce losses from theft
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Problems &
Challenges
• Problems faced..
▫ Reduce Tag Prices
▫ IT Infrastructure
▫ Data Processing
▫ Online Handling of Huge Amounts of
Streaming Data
▫ Storage, Network Bandwidth & Systems
▫ Integration
▫ DBs, Data Warehouses and Enterprise Apps
▫ Global Standards
▫ Frequency of Tags & Readers
▫ USA, Europe and Japan using Different
Frequencies
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Continued..
• Challenges to society:
▫ Privacy
▫ Tracking individuals
▫ Illicit or inappropriate use of personal data
▫ Tracking personal activities (e.g., purchase
habits, travel)
▫ Security
▫ Unsanctioned readers
▫ Theft of information
▫ Inadequate encryption
▫ Global differences
▫ Regulations around collecting data
▫ Standards
▫ Ownership of data
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THANK YOU!