ABAP Objects

Workshop

Vinitha Rajan
Intelligroup Asia Ltd.
 Intelligroup Asia Ltd., Technology Team
 SAP AG
Topics Covered

 Object orientation
 Objects & Object References
 ABAP Objects

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Object Orientation

Data Data Data

Attributes Data
Data Data

Abstraction

Function

Methods Method
Method
Function Function Function
Method

Function Function Function Function

Functions and data Software objects Real-world objects

Data model as an Object model as an
abstraction of the abstraction of the
real world real world

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Objects & Object References

Interface
 Public
Private
components
attributes
Airline
Flight
Flight number Public
Private Customer Address  Public access
methods
access Passenger-
list BOOK

 Public
events
FLIGHT

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ABAP Objects

 ABAP Objects is an upwards-compatible extension

of the existing ABAP language
 You can use existing ABAP statements within
ABAP Objects
 You can use ABAP Objects within existing programs
 ABAP Objects is fully integrated in the
ABAP Debugger

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From Function Groups to Classes

 Instances of function groups as objects

 Example: Function group as counter

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Instances of Function Groups as Objects

Function group 1 Function group 2

Function Data Function Data

module module
… …

ABAP program with data

CALL FUNCTION ...

Internal session of an ABAP program

External session

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Function Group as Counter - Definition

FUNCTION-POOL COUNTER.
DATA COUNT TYPE I.
FUNCTION SET_COUNTER.
* Local Interface IMPORTING VALUE(SET_VALUE)
COUNT = SET_VALUE.
ENDFUNCTION.
FUNCTION INCREMENT_COUNTER.
COUNT = COUNT + 1.
ENDFUNCTION.
FUNCTION GET_COUNTER.
* Local Interface: EXPORTING VALUE(GET_VALUE)
GET_VALUE = COUNT.
ENDFUNCTION.

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Function Group as Counter - Call

DATA NUMBER TYPE I VALUE 5.

CALL FUNCTION 'SET_COUNTER' EXPORTING
SET_VALUE = NUMBER.
DO 3 TIMES.
CALL FUNCTION 'INCREMENT_COUNTER'.
ENDDO.
CALL FUNCTION 'GET_COUNTER' IMPORTING
GET_VALUE = NUMBER.

NUMBER has value 8

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Classes Generalize Function Groups

nth instance, class 1 nth instance, class m

1st instance, class 1 1st instance, class m
Daten Daten
Interface
...
Data Interface
...
Data
...

Interface Data
...

Interface Data …
…

… …

ABAP program with data

Internal session of an ABAP program

External session

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Classes, References, and Objects

 Example: Class as counter

 Reference variables
 Creating objects
 Calling methods
 Working with references

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Example: Class as Counter

CLASS counter DEFINITION.

PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS: set IMPORTING
VALUE(set_value) TYPE i,
increment,
get EXPORTING
VALUE(get_value) TYPE i.
PRIVATE SECTION.
DATA count TYPE i.
ENDCLASS. CLASS counter IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD set.
count = set_value.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD increment.
count = count + 1.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD get.
get_value = count.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

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Reference Variables

DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter.

CNT_1
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Creating an Object

DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter.

CREATE OBJECT cnt_1 TYPE counter.

1<COUNTER>

CNT_1
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Calling Methods

DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter.

DATA number TYPE I VALUE 5.
CREATE OBJECT cnt_1 TYPE counter.
CALL METHOD cnt_1->set
EXPORTING set_value = number.
DO 3 TIMES.
CALL METHOD
cnt_1->increment.
ENDDO.
CALL METHOD cnt_1->get 1<COUNTER>
IMPORTING get_value = number.

NUMBER has the value 8

CNT_1
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Several Reference Variables

DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,

cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.

CNT_3

CNT_2

CNT_1
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Several Objects

DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,

cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
2<COUNTER>

1<COUNTER>

CNT_3

CNT_2

CNT_1
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Assigning Reference Variables

DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,

cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
2<COUNTER>
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.

1<COUNTER>

CNT_3

CNT_2

CNT_1
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Deleting Reference Variables

DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,

cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
CLEAR cnt_2. 2<COUNTER>

1<COUNTER>
CNT_3

CNT_2

CNT_1
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Garbage Collection

DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,

cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
2<COUNTER>
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
CLEAR cnt_2.
cnt_3 = cnt_1.
1<COUNTER>

CNT_3

CNT_2

CNT_1
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Garbage Collection

DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,

cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2.
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
2<COUNTER>
CLEAR cnt_2.
cnt_3 = cnt_1. 1<COUNTER>
CLEAR cnt_3.

CNT_3

CNT_2

CNT_1
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New Objects

DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,

3<COUNTER>
cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
2<COUNTER>
cnt_2.
MOVE cnt_2 TO cnt_3.
CLEAR cnt_2.
cnt_3 = cnt_1. 1<COUNTER>

CLEAR cnt_3.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_2, CNT_3

cnt_3. CNT_2

CNT_1
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Example: Class Identity

CLASS counter DEFINITION.

PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS: set IMPORTING
VALUE(set_value) TYPE i,
increment,
get EXPORTING
VALUE(get_value) TYPE i.
PUBLIC SECTION.
DATA count TYPE i.
ENDCLASS. CLASS counter IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD set.
count = set_value.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD increment.
count = count + 1.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD get.
get_value = count.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

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Identity

DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,

cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
DATA number TYPE I VALUE 5.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2. 2<COUNTER>

CALL METHOD cnt_1->set

EXPORTING set_value = number.
CALL METHOD cnt_2->set 1<COUNTER>
EXPORTING set_value = number.
* Reference Semantics
CNT_3
If cnt_1 = cnt_2.
* This will not be executed CNT_2
endif
CNT_1
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Identity (Contd.)

* Attribute values are the same!!!

If cnt_1->count = cnt_2->count.
* This will be executed 2<COUNTER>
Endif
cnt_3 = cnt_1
If cnt_3 = cnt_1. 1<COUNTER>
* This will be executed
Endif. CNT_3

CNT_2

CNT_1
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Methods of Several Objects

DATA: cnt_1 TYPE REF TO counter,

cnt_2 TYPE REF TO counter,
3<COUNTER>
cnt_3 TYPE REF TO counter.
CREATE OBJECT: cnt_1,
cnt_2,
2<COUNTER>
cnt_3.
CALL METHOD cnt_1->set
EXPORTING set_value = 1.
CALL METHOD cnt_2->set 1<COUNTER>
EXPORTING set_value = 10.
CALL METHOD cnt_3->set
EXPORTING set_value = 100. CNT_3

CNT_2
The value of COUNT is
different in each object CNT_1
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Objects: Summary

 Declaring reference variables

DATA: ref1 TYPE REF TO class,

ref2 TYPE REF TO class.

 Creating objects

CREATE OBJECT: ref1, ref2.

 Accessing attributes and methods

x = ref1->attr + ref2->attr.
CALL METHOD ref1->method EXPORTING ...

 Object References and identities

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