GLASS FORMULATIONS

SUMITHA NAIK 3rdSEM(MATERIALS SCIENCE) ROLL NO. 23 DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE

GLASSES

A glass is a metastable material that has hardened and become rigid without crystallizing.

GeSbTe

It is also known as GST. It is a phase change material from the group of chalcogenide glasses. Its recrystallization time is down to 20 nanoseconds, , allowing writing bit rates of up to 35 Mbit/s.

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During writing, the material is initialized into its crystalline state. The material heats up to its crystallization temperature. Then the information is written on the crystalline phase, by heating spots of it. The material locally melts and is quickly cooled, remaining in the amorphous phase.

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It is often used in rewritable DVDs. Nowadays, n-doped GeSbTe semiconductors are being used.

Glass of Antimony

It is a transparent glass created from a preparation of antimony. It was created using crude antimony, ground and calcinied by a vehement fire, in an earthen crucible, until it no longer fumed. The remaining substance was then vitrified in a furnace.

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It was historically used as an emetic.

Uranium glass

It contains Uranium in oxide diuranate form from traces to 2%. Used as beads and marbles for scientific purpose.

Cranberry glass

Cranberry glass is a red glass made by adding gold(III) chloride to the molten glass. Used for expensive decoration.

Bioglass

It is also known as 45S5 glass. It is composed of SiO2, Na2O, CaO and P2O5. Professor Larry Hench developed BioGlass in the late 1960s. High CaO/P2O5 ratio.

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Advantage: High bioactivity. Disadvantages: Mechanical weakness, low fracture toughness.

Borophosphosilicate glass

It includes additives of Boron and Phosphorus. It is commonly used in semiconductor device fabrication

Borosilicate glass

The main glass-forming constituents of Borosilicate glass are silica and boron oxide. The glass composition is about 81% silica, 2% alumina, 4% sodium oxide and 12% Boron oxide.

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Borosilicate glasses are most well known for having very low coefficient of thermal expansion and high thermal stability. Uses: In chemical laboratories In kitchenware. In food and chemical industries.

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In pyrex glass. In lining of equipment.

Ceramic Glaze

Glaze is a layer or coating of a vitreous substance which has been fired to fuse to a ceramic object to colour, decorate, strengthen and waterproof it.

Cobalt glass

Cobalt glass is a deep blue coloured glass prepared by adding cobalt compounds to the molten glass. Used as optical filter in flame test. Used for glass lining in refractors.

Optical Glass
Optical glass are of two types. 1. Crown glass 2. Flint glass They are used as lenses in spectacles, mirror of known focal length, lenses of telescope.

1.Crown Glass

Composition:Sio2- 37%, B2O3-6%, K2O-1%, Bao45%. Refractive Index: 1.50-1.61

2. Flint Glass

Composition:Sio2-53%,Pbo-37%,K2O-19%. Also known as lead glass. Refractive Index: 1.53-1.72. Extra dense flint glass are used as shields against X-rays and Gamma rays.

Pure silica glass

There are two types of pure silica glasses. 1.Vitrous glass. 2.Fused glass.

1.Vitrous glass

It contains 99.6% silica. They are translucent in nature. Used for chemical laboratory wares, wares for chemical plants, electrical insulating materials.

2.Fused quartz

It requires minimum 99.9% silica. It is transparent in nature. It is very expensive. It is used in mirrors, reflectors for telescope and laser beam.

Ninety-six percent silica glass

Composition:Silica-75%,Boron oxide-20% and sodium oxide-5%. Used for missile nose cones, windows of space vehicles and some laboratory wares.

Soda-lime glass

Composition:Silica-70-75%,alumina-0.5-2.5%,calcium oxide-5-14%,sodium oxide-12-18% and magnesium oxide-0-4%. It is very cheap and used for common purpose like window panes, plates, bottles, etc.

References

THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING F MATERIALS BY DONALD R. ASKELAND AND PRADEEP P. PHULE(FIFTH EDITION) SCIENCE OF ENGINEERING MATRIALS BY MANASCHANDA (VOLUME 2) www.google.com