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PAINT

 It's a surface coating Marketed in liquid form Paint consists of pigments and an oil or water-based binder Suitable for site use Constitutes a small part of the initial cost of building It also constitutes much higher proportion of the maintenance cost.

 Consist essentially of a vehicle / binder & pigment, the former being responsible for setting, gloss and impermeability while the latter is responsible for opacity, colour and to some extent strength Once applied, the coating must harden within a few hours. With most paints, long-term storage will cause the two constituents to separate in the can - the pigments generally 'drop out of solution' to form a thick, treacle like sludge at the bottom of the can. For most of the paint before using it, the paint inside the can/tin must be well stirred to ensure that the pigments and the binder are uniformly mixed. (except if the manufacture mentioned not to stir it before using.

Hardening of coating may be due to one of the following a) Evaporation of a solvent b) Coalescence of an emulsion c) Polymerisation by chemical reaction with a hardener / by oxygen (or in some cases, moisture) in the car.

FUNCTION OF PAINT
To protect the under lying surface by exclusion of the atmosphere, moisture, chemicals, fungi and insects To provide a decorative, easily maintained surface To provide light and heat reflecting properties To give special effects for example, inhibitive paints for protection of metal, electrically conductive paints as a source of heat;condensation resistant points.

Pigments
It can modify the properties of paint to a large extent. It is a very fine powders that provide colour and the ability to hide the underlying surface. Pigments can be organic, inorganic, natural or synthetic. Increasing the pigment will increase the hardness but decrease the paint's flexibility. Very glossy paints have less pigment

 If all the pigment were at below of the surface, the resulting hardened paint film will be glossy. Amount of gloss determined by a) the type & shape of pigment b) the ratio of pigment to binder (in volume basis) Quality & quantity of pigment used affect the corrosion resistance and exterior durability

FUNCTION OF PIGMENT Helps control corrosion and mildew Provides hiding, stain resistance and color Helps control the gloss of the paint film Improves weather resistance Decreases moisture permeability Helps provide adhesion of the paint film to the substrate Provides strength and toughness to the binder

Some Powder Pigments

Extenders
It's particles much larger than pigment particles. Used to improve some properties of the paint such as sheen, scrub resistance, exterior colour retention & others. Can be used to control the amount of gloss Semi-gloss might need so much pigment to achieve the correct gloss characteristic that it would not pour and also improve viscosity and finish. However, addition of suitable filler can reduce cost and also improve viscosity and finish. Material used as extenders dont affect the colour.

Solvent
It's a liquids that carries the solid components of paint. It must be present to allow the paint to be of correct consistency for application by brush, roller, spray or dipping. It's added to assist in manufacture and they also improve properties and lower the viscosity of wet paint They must evaporate very rapidly when the paints is applied to a surface so that high viscosity is obtained & hence freedom from runs. Regarded as environmentally undesirable because it contribute to atmospheric pollution.

Driers
Added to the oil bound paints It's usually oxides that will give out oxygen and thereby increase the rate of oxidation of the binder & thus the rate of drying. Rate of drying can also be increased by using blow linseed oil.

 Plasticisers Added to some paints to make the hardened film more flexible. Light Stabilisers Added to make paint color more stable under sunlight. Fungicides & Insecticides Added to prevent attack by insects and to prevent the formation of moulds.

Types Of Paint
Oil Based Paint Emulsion Paint - widely used in interior decorating Solvent Based Paint - cellulose paint, bituminous paint

Emulsion Paint
It is water-based, with vinyl or acrylic resins added to make them more hard-wearing than traditional emulsions. Water-based paint dries purely by evaporation. Paints with a water base are not as hard or durable as those with an oil base. The greatest advantage of water-based paint is that brushes and rollers can be washed out in water; no special cleaning agent is needed.

 Emulsion is the most popular paint for walls and ceilings due to the fact that it is water based and has less smell, dries comparatively quickly and is easy to apply. There are 3 main types of emulsion that can be used for walls and ceilings that is Vinyl Matt Emulsion, Vinyl Satin Emulsion and Vinyl Silk.

a) Vinyl Matt Emulsion gives a matt, non-shiny finish that is good for not showing small imperfections on the wall or ceiling. (The shinier finishes reflect back more light and highlight any imperfections). b) Vinyl Satin Emulsion gives a subtle soft-sheen finish and is a more durable surface than vinyl matt. It is suitable for areas that might need to be occasionally lightly washed or sponged. c) Vinyl Silk Emulsion gives a high sheen finish and is the most durable of all the emulsion paints. It is good for rooms that are subject to a lot of moisture i.e. condensation.

Emulsion Paint

Emulsion Paint Used For Ceiling And Walls

BITUMINOUS PAINT (OIL BASED PAINT) For protection of metals used externally Have poor gloss-retention properties Sunlight soften the paint but can be improved by adding Aluminium in the final coat.

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