Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy

Organic compounds store energy in their chemical bonds Fats, carbs (CH2O), & proteins can all be used as fuel .
Traditionally, cellular respiration is studied using glucose as the source.

There are 2 energy-providing (catabolic) pathways

Cellular Respiration Fermentation (no oxygen is used)

Cells Recycle ATP

(Breaking down food)

Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Look familiar?

Aerobic respiration
Step
Glycolysis Transition reaction Krebs cycle

Where
Cytoplasm Mitochondrial boundary Mitochondrial matrix

Action
Glucose into pyruvate Pyruvate into Acetyl CoA and CO2 Acetyl CoA into CO2 and electron carriers

Electron Transport Chain

Inner membrane of mitochondria

Electrons passed to O2 to make H2O and ATP

Glycolysis
Splits a glucose molecule into 2 3-Carbon molecules called PYRUVATE.

products: ATP, NADH and pyruvate

Preparation for the Krebs Cycle

The pyruvate looses a carbon leaving the 2-carbon molecule

Acetyl CoA

CO2
products: CO2,

Acetyl CoA and NADH

The Krebs Cycle

Products:

CO2, ATP, NADH, FADH2

Electron Transport
The mitochondria has two membranes: the outer and the inner, which is convoluted.

H+ (protons) accumulate between these two membranes.

Mitochondria
H+ H+ NAD

H+
H+ matrix H+ outer membrane

H+
H+ H+ H+

inner membrane ( ATP synthase)

The matrix is a protein rich solution that contains the enzymes that run electron transport. ATP SYNTHASE = enzyme responsible for making ATP.

Electron Transport Chain

e- are passed back and forth across the membrane. Their energy is gradually decreased and used to actively transport H+ through the membrane. electrons Oxygen is the final electron acceptor It joins with the H+ to produce H2O.

Needs:

O2

Products:

ATP & H2O

If there is no oxygen, the electron chain cannot continue. There is no way to release electrons.

Products of the Electron Transport Chain

34 ATP

+
Water

What is produced from one glucose molecule?

In the Electron Transport Chain Each FADH2 Each NADH 3 ATP
Step
Glycolysis Transition reaction

2 ATP
6 6

Makes
2 NADH 2 NADH

ATP created

Krebs cycle

6 NADH 2 FADH2

18 4

Electron Transport Chain subtotal ATP created directly (2 during glycolysis and 2 in Krebs cycle)

34 4

TOTAL ATP CREATED

38

Lets take some notes!

1. Glycolysis
Where:

Uses:

Produces:

2. Transition reaction
Where: Uses: Produces:

3. Krebs Cycle
Where:

Uses:

Produces: 4. Electron Transport Chain Where:

Uses:

Produces:

What happens when there is no oxygen to accept the electrons?

Only glycolysis is carried out. In humans Lactic acid is produced. The cells cannot tolerate much lactic acid.

Build up of lactic acid results in burning sensation

Alcoholic Fermentation
Some organisms carry out alcoholic fermentation. This was discovered by Louis Pasteur in his study of wines. Yeasts break down the sugars in the juice to pyruvate by glycolysis. Then the pyruvate is dismantled to yield

CO2 and ETHANOL (booze).

Alcohol fermentation Some organisms do this

Others do this Lactic acid fermentation

Anaerobic vs. Aerobic respiration

Cellular Respiration song