DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : A. Vinay Kumar
Designation : H.O.D
Branch : Applied Electronics and Instrumentation
Institute : Q.Q.GPT, Hyderabad
Year/Semester : VI Sem
Subject : Analytical Instrumentation
Code No : AEI-603
Major Topic : Mass spectroscopy & Chromatography
Duration : 50Mts
Sub Topic : Introduction to Chromatography
Teaching Aids : Animations, Diagrams

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 Objectives

On completion of this topic you are able to

know about Mass spectrometer

• Introduction

• History

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 Recap

In last class we have studied the separation of

components using
• Mass spectrometer using dividing the ions by their mass

to charge ratio

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 Introduction

• Chromatography is a physical method of separation of

the components of a mixture by distribution between two
phases

• One is a stationary phase of large area

• Other is a mobile phase which passes along the

stationary phase

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 History

• It was first reported by a Russian Botanist

“ Mikhail Semeiotic TSWETT” in 1903

• He separated leaf extract into colored bands using a

column of insulin and a solvent of ligroin

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TSWETT

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 History

• German ’Fritz Prior’ developed the solid state gas

chromatography in 1947

• Archer John Porter got Nobel prize for the development

of Liquid-Liquid (L-L) and paper chromatography

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 Classification
Chromatography

Gas Chromatography Liquid Chromatography

Paper Column Thin layer

Gas/Liquid Gas/Solid
(Partition) (Adsorption)

Liquid/Liquid Liquid/Solid Gel Ion

Adsorption permeation
(Partition)
exchange

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603.33 8
Gas chromatograph

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 Chromatograph

• Process of chromatographic separation involves

transport of a sample of the mixture through a column

• Mixture may be in the liquid or gaseous state

• Stationary phase may be a solid absorbent or liquid

partition us agent

• Mobile phase is usually a gas or a liquid

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Chromatograph……

• It transports the constituents of the mixture through the

column

• During such transport the material in the column

exercises selective retardation on the various

components of the sample

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 Chromatograph……

• The retardation may be due to

a) Adsorption
b) Polarity
c) Solubility
d) Molecule filtration
e) Chemical bonding of the sample

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 Chromatograph……

• This enter into detector attached to the column in

gaseous phase
• At this point the individual components register a series
of signals
• They appear on successive peaks above a base line on
the recorded curve
• This is called ‘Chromotogram’

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 Chromatograph……

• Therefore the components of the mixture tend to move

through at different effective rates
• The result is tending to segregate into separate zones or
bands
• All chromatographic procedures isolate , detect and
characterize these bands at some point usually at
column exit

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 Chromatograph……

• The area under the peak gives quantitative indication in

particular components

• Time delay between injection and emerging of peak

serves to identify it`

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 Summary

In this class we have learnt about Chromatography

Introduction

History

Process

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 Quiz

1. The Chromatography consists of ---phases

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) None of the above

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. Define Chromatography ?

2. Give the classification of chromatography ?

3. Briefly explain the process of Chromatography ?

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