3 PHASE INDUCTION MACHINE

Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Wound Rotor Induction Motor

Introduction

Most frequently used in industry Two Main parts

Stator Rotor Motors Generators

Comprise both;

Advantges
The

advantages of Induction motors are;

Simple Rugged Low priced Easy to maintain

Types of 3-ph induction Machien

They

are classified based on the types of

rotor

Squirrel Cage induction motor Wound Rotor induction motor

TYPES OF MOTOR

Composed of

Copper bars Slightly longer than a rotor The end of copper are welded together in rings

Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

Squirrel Cage Induction Motor

TYPES OF INDUCTION MOTOR

Has 3-ph winding similar on the stator The winding is distributed in the slots Usually connected in WYE connection The terminals are connected in 3 slip rings

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Based

on the

Faradays Law Lorentz force Law (Lenz Law)

The rotating Field

Coils that are diametrically opposite are connected in series by means of three jumpers that respectively connect terminals a - a, b b and c c. This creates three identical sets of windings AN, BN, CN that are mechanically spaced at 120 to each other.

Understanding The Rotating Field

If

we connect a three phase source to terminals A,B,C alternating current Ia, Ib and Ic will flow in the windings. The currents will have the same value but will be displaced in time by an angle of 120. These currents produce magnetomotive forces which, in turn create a magnetic flux.

Understanding the Rotating Field

Suppose

that the peak current per phase is 10A. Thus, when Ia = +7A, the two coils of phase A will together produce an mmf of 7A X 10 turns = 70A-turns and corresponding value of flux. the current is positive, the flux is directed vertically upward according to the right-hand rule

Because

The Rotating Field

Understanding The Rotating Field

As time goes by, we can determine the instantaneous value and direction of the current in each winding and thereby establish the successive flux patterns. Thus, referring to Figure at instant 1, current Ia has a value of +10A, whereas Ib and Ic both have a value of 5A. The mmf of phase A is 10A X 10 turns = 100A-turns, while the mmf of phases B and C are each 50A-turn

Flux pattern at Instant 1

Flux pattern at Instant 2

SYNCHRONOUS SPEED

SYNCHRONOUS SPEED [r/min]

The speed corresponding to a particular frequency is called the synchronous speed for that frequency

Application of Synchronous Motor

SYNCHRONOUS SPEED

The tables gives some example of synchronous speed

ROTOR SPEED

ROTOR SPEED [r/min]

SLIP SPEED

Slip is defined as the speed of the rotor in relation to the rotating field OR Slip speed is defined as the difference between synchronous speed and rotor speed

 Example

 Example

SLIP PERCENTAGE

Slip is defined as the speed of the rotor in relation to the rotating field

 Example

 Quiz