DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : M.Bhagya Lakshmi,
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : DCCP
Institute : GMR Polytechnic, Gajwel,Medak (dist)
Year/semester : I Year
Subject name : Computer Fundamentals.
Subject Code : CCP-105
Topic : DOS Operating System
Duration : 50 min.
Sub –Topic : DOS commands
Teaching Aids : PPT
CCP105.22 1
OBJECTIVES:

On completion of this period, you would be able to

know:

• DOS files and Directories and their naming rules

• Know and use the internal DOS command-DIR

CCP105.22 2
FILE
A collection of related information that is stored on a
storage device such as floppy disk or hard disk, with a
name

CCP105.22 3
RULES FOR NAMING FILE

 A file name may consist of a maximum of eight

characters,which include
 Letters – A to Z
 Digits – 0 to 9
 Special Characters like $,&,#,!,%,-,{,}.
 Ex:
SAMPLE.

CCP105.22 4
 A file name may be supplemented by an extension
separated by file name by a point(.) consisting a
maximum of three characters.
 EX:RAMA.EXT
 Extensions are used to identify types of files and for their
use

CCP105.22 5
 You may write file names using small or capital letters.
 Files may have the same name if the extension differs.
 EX:LETTER.001,LETTER.002

CCP105.22 6
MS-Dos uses the following extensions to
distinguish types of files:

.EXE (executable) or .COM (command)

for files that contain programs.

.SYS (system)
for files that contain information
about your hardware.

.BAT (batch)
for files containing lists of commands
that Ms-Dos carries out as a set.
CCP105.22 7
DIRECTORIES
 A Disk is like a file cabinet.
 It has “folders” that contain groups of files.
 These folders called Directories,help you to organize
your files.

CCP105.22 8
SUB-DIRECTORIES
 A directory can consist other directories called sub-
directories.

CCP105.22 9
RULES FOR NAMING DIRECTORIES

The name may consist of a maximum of eight characters,

which include
 Letter A to Z,

 Number 0 to 9,

 Special characters like -,^,$,~,!,%,&,#,_,{,},(,).

 No other special character is permitted.

CCP105.22 10
 A directory’s name cannot contain spaces, commas,
periods or back slashes

 Two subdirectories in the same directory cannot have

the same name.

CCP105.22 11
INTERNAL COMMANDS
 DIR  PROMPT
 DATE  DEL
 TIME  ERASE
 MKDIR  RENAME
 RMDIR  COPY
 CHDIR  COPY CON
 PATH  TYPE

CCP105.22 12
INTERNAL COMMANDS
 Internal commands are read into the memory of the
computer at the time of booting.

 They are placed in memory until the machine is switched

off.

CCP105.22 13
DIRECTORY COMMAND(DIR)
 It is used to display names of files and
subdirectories from specified directory or current
directory

CCP105.22 14
Syntax:
 A>Dir/p
 Dir/w
 Dir/s
 Dir/o(+ order)

NOTE: The character’/’ and following alphabet are called

switch. They modify the output of DIR command

CCP105.22 15
EXAMPLE:
 A:\>DIR (press Enter key)

 It displays the content of directory A:\> on the screen

CCP105.22 16
OUTPUT

Five column format

 Column 1: File name
 Column 2: Extension of the file
 Column 3: Length of the file in bytes
 Column 4: Date on which file is created
 Column 5: Time on which file is created

CCP105.22 17
EXAMPLE
 A:\>DIR/P (press Enter key)

 Displays directories page by page

CCP105.22 18
Example:

 A:DIR/W

 Display the filenames widthwise

CCP105.22 19
Example

 A:DIR/S

 Display files in specified directory and also in sub

directories

CCP105.22 20
A:DIR/O (order)
 /O (Order) Lists files in sorted order
 The following additional characters decide the ordering
criterion
 N=alphabetical order of filenames

 Usage DIR/ON or DIR/P/ON or DIR/W/ON

 E=Alphabetical order of extension .Example: DIR/OE

 D=date and time

 S=file size. Example: DIR/P/OS

CCP105.22 21
Summary

 File
 Collection of related data
 Folder
 Contain Group of files
 Directory
 Contains Sub directories, folders and/or files
 Dir command
 Displays the contents of the directory

CCP105.22 22
QUIZ

CCP105.22 23
 DIR command is an
b) External command
c) Internal command
d) both
e) None of the above

A file name cannot consists of

h) Alphabet
i) Digit
j) underscore
k) space

CCP105.22 24
Assignment
1.What is a switch.

CCP105.22 25
Frequently asked questions

 Explain Dir command (M/A-2006/2005).

 Explain rules for naming DOS files

CCP105.22 26
Thank you

CCP105.22 27