DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : B. ARUNIMA
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : DCCP
Institute : GPW(M), LB Nagar
Topic : Information Management
Semester : V
Subject : RDBMS
Sub. Code : CCP-505
Sub-Topic : Relational data modes
Duration : 50 mins
Teaching Aids : PPTs
CCP505.15 1
RECAP

 The Hierarchical model represents data as tree

structures, composed of hierarchy of data records
 In the Network model, the records are organised as a
collection of arbitrary graphs
 Both the models are procedural and require detailed
understanding of data storage

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OBJECTIVES
 On completion of this period, you would be able
to know

 The Relational Model

 A Sample Relaional Model
 Benefits Of Relational Model

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RELATIONAL DATA MODEL

 In the relational model, the most complex

hierarchical and network databases are
represented as a simple collection of two
dimensional tables
 Known as Relational Database Management
System (RDBMS)

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When Relational Model is proposed ?
 By whom ?
 The relational model was
first proposed by IBM’s NAME EMPNO ADDRESS OFF_TEL RES_TEL

Dr.E.F.Codd in 1970.
 Data is stored in tables.
 It uses a collection of
tables to represent both RELATIONAL DATA MODEL

data and relationships Fig 1

among the data

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Where is the Relational model
implemented?

 The relational model was initially difficult to

implement
 Now it is used in several commercially successfull
DBMS products that
 Include SQL, DB2, ORACLE, SYBASE,
INGRESS, etc;

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Indexing

 Indexes on the records are created and maintained

regularly.
 Though indexing requires more storage space, it is
still preferred .

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Why indexing
 Helps in searching and sorting the records in
tables

 Tables contain values of the columns on which

indexing is done with the addresses of the
records containing such values

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SAMPLE RELATIONAL MODEL
The figure shows a sample relational database with two
tables.

One table shows the age and sex of the customers and the
other shows the salaries earned by them.

Row# Attribute 1 Attribute 2 Attribute 3 Attribute 4

EmpName Age Sex EmpNo
Table1 Row1 REGGIE 25 M E101

Row2 JUGHEAD 21 M E104

Row3 ARCHIE 23 F E128

Row4 ETHEL 27 M E132

Fig 2 CCP505.15 9
 SAMPLE RELATIONAL MODEL

Row# Attribute 1 Attribute 2

EmpNo Salary
Row1 E101 10,000
Table 2 Row2 E104 5,000
Row3 E128 14,000
Row4 E132 15,000
Fig 2

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BENEFITS OF RELATIONAL MODEL
 Is unique in the way that it stores data
 Represents and processes data in the form of tables
called relations
 Storing data in simple tables makes it easy for a user to
query the database, because only a few statements
need to be mastered

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BENEFITS OF RELATIONAL MODEL
(contd..)

 The concepts of data storage and relationships are

easily understood
 Relational databases are very flexible
 Basis for decision support systems, but can also be used
for transaction processing

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BENEFITS OF RELATIONAL MODEL
(contd..)

 By issuing a single command, we can retrieve an entire

set of records from one or more existing tables
 Thus, a Single command can retrieve, update or delete
multiple records stored in the database
 More than any other feature, it is Automatic Navigation
that makes data readily and easily accessible to end
users

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BENEFITS OF RELATIONAL MODEL
(contd..)

 In this model, we specify what is to be done, not

how to do it.
 In other words, it is NON-PROCEDURAL.

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SUMMARY

 Relational data model represents and processes

data in the form of tables.
 The Columns of the tables are called attributes
and the rows are called records or tuples.
 This model is currently the most popular data
model which gave rise to a high level database
management system - RDBMS

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 QUIZ
1. Which of the following is used by the relational
data model for storage of data

a) Graphs
b) Tables and pointers
c) Tables and relationships
d) Trees
e) None of the above

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QUIZ (contd..)

1. The rows in a Table are called

a) Attributes
b) Tuples
c) Records
d) A & B above
e) B & C above

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

1. Explain the Relational Model with an Example

2. List and the advantages of Relational Data Model
3. Define the terms Table, Record

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