DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH

Name : Mrs.P.Sasi Bala

Designation : AL/EC
Branch : Electronics and communications engg.
Institute : 028, SIR C.R.REDDY POLYTECHNIC.
ELURU.
Year / semester : First year
Subject : Electronic Component and Devices
Subject Code : EC-105
Topic : Transistors
Duratilon : 50 Mts
Sub Topic : NPN Transistor
Teaching Aids : PPT DIAGRAMS.

EC105.134 1
OBJECTIVE :-

• Working of NPN transistor.

EC105.134 2
Recap

• What is the use of a transistor?

• In PNP transistor emitter emitts _______.

• What is the function of a collector?

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• Let us consider the NPN transistor biased for active operation
as shown in fig :-

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 JE JC

Fig :- NPN transistor biased for active operation

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• JE is forward biased and JC is reverse biased.

• The forward bias at JE causes the majority charge carries

(electrons from N type emitter) to cross the emitter junction JE
constituting for emitter current IE.

• The emitter current consists of holes crossing from base to

emitter at JE.

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• Almost all the emitter current IE consists of electrons.

• In the P type base region, 1% -2% of electrons injected by the

emitter recombine with few holes, this recombination results in
Base current IB.

• The reverse bias at JC causes the N type collector to collect

the 99%- 98% of electrons emitted by the Emitter. These are
majority charge carriers in NPN transistor.

• There are thermally generated charge carriers in the Base and

Collector regions which are minority charge carriers, constitute
for reverse saturation current ICBO.

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Transistor currents in NPN transistor

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• ICBO means the minority carrier current from Collector to Base
when Emitter open.

• The reverse current is temperature dependent it get doubles for

every 10oC rise in temperature.

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• The Collector current consists of a fraction of Emitter current IE
(α IE) and the reverse saturation current (ICBO).

IC = α I E + ICBO
↓ ↓
(majority) (minority)

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Summary :

• IB = 1% to 2% of IE.

• IE = IB + I C.

• IC = α IE + ICBO.

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Frequently Asked Questions in Exams

• Explain the working of NPN transistor.

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QUIZ

1. In a NPN transistor, Electron flow ________.

a) into the Transistor at the Collector and Base leads .

b) into the Transistor at the Emitter and Base leads.

c) out of the Transistor at the Collector and Base leads.

d) out of the Transistor at the Emitter and Base leads.

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2. For all transistor configurations, Emitter current
sum
is the _________ of Base and Collector current.

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3. The Total Base Current of a transistor consists
opposite
of two currents flowing in___________direction.

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4. The leakage currents in a transistor is due to
minority
_______________ carries and is extremely
temperature
_______________dependent.

EC105.134 16