Law Sines N

The Law The Law
oI SINES oI SINES
The Law oI SINES The Law oI SINES
,
sin
=
-
sin
=
.
sin
For any triangle (right, acute or obtuse), you may
use the Iollowing Iormula to solve Ior missing
sides or angles:
&se Law oI SINES when ... &se Law oI SINES when ...
AAS - 2 angIes and 1 adjacent side
ASA- 2 angIes and their incIuded side
SSA(this is an ambiguous case)
you have 3 dimensions of a triangle and you need to find the
other 3 dimensions - they cannot be just ANY 3 dimensions
though, or you won`t have enough info to solve the Law of
Sines equation. Use the Law of Sines if you are given:
Example 1 Example 1
4u are given a triangIe, ABC, with
angIe A = 70, angIe B = 80 and side a
= 12 cm. Find the measures 41 angIe C
and sides b and c.
* In this secti4n, angIes are named with capitaI
Ietters and the side 4pp4site an angIe is named
with the same I4wer case Ietter .*
Example 1 (con`t) Example 1 (con`t)
A C
B
70
80
a 12
c
b
The angles in a A total 180,
so angle C 30.
Set up the Law oI Sines to
Iind side -:
12
sin 70
=
-
sin 80
12 sin 80 = - sin 70
- =
12 sin80
sin 70
<12.6.2
Set up the Law oI Sines to
Iind side .:
12
sin 70
=
.
sin 30
12 sin 30 = . sin70
. =
12 sin 30
sin70
< 6.4.2
A C
B
70
80
a 12
c
b 12.6
30
Example 1 (solution) Example 1 (solution)
Angle C 30
Side b 12.6 cm
Side c 6.4 cm
A C
B
70
80
a 12
b 12.6
30
Note:
We used the given values oI A
and , in both calculations. Your
answer is more accurate iI you
do not used rounded values in
calculations.
Example 2 Example 2
4u are given a triangIe,
ABC, with angIe C = 115,
angIe B = 30 and side a =
30 cm. Find the
measures 41 angIe A and
sides b and c.
A C
B
115
30
a 30
c
b
To solve for the missing sides or
angles, we must have an angle and
opposite side to set up the first
equation.
We MUST find angle A first because
the only side given is side a.
The angles in a A total 180, so angle
A 35.
A C
B
115
30
a 30
c
b
35
Set up the Law of Sines to find side b:
30
sin35
=
-
sin 30
30 sin 30 = - sin35
- =
30 sin30
sin35
< 26.2.2
A C
B
115
30
a 30
c
b 26.2
35
Set up the Law of Sines to find side c:
30
sin35
=
.
sin115
30 sin115 = . sin35
. =
30 sin115
sin35
< 47.4.2
Example 2 (solution) Example 2 (solution)
A C
B
115
30
a 30
c 47.4
b 26.2
35
Angle A 35
Side b 26.2 cm
Side c 47.4 cm
Note: Use the Law of Sines
whenever you are given 2
angles and one side!
The Ambiguous Case (SSA) The Ambiguous Case (SSA)
hen given SSA (tw4 sides and an
angIe that is NOT the incIuded angIe) ,
the situati4n is ambigu4us. The
dimensi4ns may n4t 14rm a triangIe, 4r
there may be 1 4r 2 triangIes with the
given dimensi4ns. e 1irst g4 thr4ugh
a series 41 tests t4 determine h4w
many (i1 any) s4Iuti4ns exist.
In the Iollowing examples, the given angle will always
be angle A and the given sides will be sides , and -. II
you are given a diIIerent set oI variables, Ieel Iree to
change them to simulate the steps provided here.
,` - we don`t know what
angle C is so we can`t draw
side ,` in the right position
A B ?
b
C ?
c ?
Situation I: Angle A is obtuse
II angle A is obtuse there are TWO possibilities
A B ?
,
-
C ?
. ?
II , _ -, then , is too short
to reach side . - a triangle
with these dimensions is
impossible.
A B ?
,
-
C ?
. ?
II , ~ -, then there is
NE triangle with
these dimensions.
Situation I: Angle A is obtuse - EXAMPLE
Given a triangle with angle A 120, side , 22 cm and side -
15 cm, Iind the other dimensions.
Since a > b, these dimensions are possible. To
find the missing dimensions, use the Law of
Sines:
A B
a 22
15 b
C
.
120
22
sin120
=
15
sin
15sin120 = 22sin
= sin
1
15sin120
22

'
+
'
= 36.2
Situation I: Angle A is obtuse - EXAMPLE
Angle C 180 - 120 - 36.2 23.8
Use Law of Sines to find side c:
A B
a 22
15 b
C
.
120
36.2
22
sin120
=
.
sin 23.8
. sin120 = 22sin 23.8
. =
22sin 23.8
sin120
= 10.3.2
Solution: angle B 36.2, angle C 23.8, side . 10.3 cm
Situation II: Angle A is acute
II angle A is acute there are SEVERAL possibilities.
Side ,` may or may not be long
enough to reach side .`. We
calculate the height oI the
altitude Irom angle C to side . to
compare it with side ,.
A B ?
b
C ?
c ?
a
First, use SOH-CAH-TOA to Iind h:
A B ?
-
C ?
. ?
,
h
sin =
h
-
h = -sin
Then, compare ` to sides a and b . . .
A B ?
-
C ?
. ?
,
h
II , h, then NO triangle exists with these dimensions.
A B
-
C
.
,
h
II h , -, then TWO triangles exist with these dimensions.
A
B
-
C
.
,
h
II we open side ,` to the
outside oI h, angle B is acute.
II we open side ,` to the
inside oI h, angle B is obtuse.
A B
-
C
.
,
h
If < b < a, then NE triangle exists with these dimensions.
Since side , is greater
than side -, side ,
cannot open to the
inside oI h, it can only
open to the outside, so
there is only 1 triangle
possible!
If a, then NE triangle exists with these dimensions.
If a , then angle B must
be a right angle and there is
only one possible triangle
with these dimensions.
A
B
-
C
.
a
Situation II: Angle A is acute - EXAMPLE 1
Given a triangle with angle A 40, side a 12 cm and side
b 15 cm, find the other dimensions.
A
B ?
15 b
C ?
. ?
a 12
h
40
Find the height:
h = -sin
h = 15sin40 = 9.6
Since a > , but a< b, there
are 2 solutions and we
must find BTH.
A
B
15 b
C
.
a 12
h
40
FIRST SLUTIN: Angle B is acute - this is the solution
you get when you use the Law of Sines!
12
sin 40
=
15
sin
= sin
1
15sin40
12

'
+
'
= 53.5
= 180 40 53.5 = 86.5
.
sin86.5
=
12
sin 40
. =
12sin86.5
sin 40
= 18.6
SECND SLUTIN: Angle B is obtuse - use the first
solution to find this solution.
a 12
A
B
15 b
C
.
40
1st ,`
1st B`
In the second set of possible
dimensions, angle B is obtuse,
because side a` is the same in
both solutions, the acute solution
for angle B & the obtuse solution
for angle B are supplementary.
Angle B 180 - 53.5 126.5
SECND SLUTIN: Angle B is obtuse
a 12
A
B
15 b
C
.
40
126.5
Angle B 126.5
Angle C 180- 40- 126.5 13.5
.
sin13.5
=
12
sin 40
. =
12sin13.5
sin 40
= 4.4
Situation II: Angle A is acute - EX. 1 (Summary)
Angle B 126.5
Angle C 13.5
Side c 4.4
a 12
A
B
15 b
C
c 4.4
40
126.5
13.5
Angle B 53.5
Angle C 86.5
Side c 18.6
A
B
15 b
C
c 18.6
a 12
40
53.5
86.5
Given a triangle with angle A 40, side a 12 cm and side
b 10 cm, find the other dimensions.
A
B ?
10 b
C ?
c ?
a 12
h
40
Since a > b, and h is less
than a, we know this
triangle has just NE
possible solution - side
a`opens to the outside of .
Using the Law of Sines will give
us the NE possible solution:
A
B
10 b
C
c
a 12
40
12
sin 40
=
10
sin
= sin
1
10sin 40
12

'
+
'
= 32.4
= 180 40 32.4 =107.6
.
sin107.6
=
12
sin 40
. =
12sin107.6
sin 40
= 17.8
The Ambiguous Case The Ambiguous Case - - Summary Summary
iI angle A is acute
find the height,
h -8in
iI angle A is
obtuse
iI , - no solution
iI , ~ - one solution
iI , h no solution
iI h , - 2 solutions
4ne with ,ngle ,.:te,
4ne with ,ngle 4-t:8e
iI , ~ - ~ h 1 solution
II , h 1 solution
,ngle i8 right
(Ex I)
(Ex II-1)
(Ex II-2)
The Law oI Sines The Law oI Sines
,
sin
=
-
sin
=
.
sin
AAS
ASA
SSA (the
ambiguous case)
Use the Law of Sines to find
the missing dimensions of a
triangle when given any
combination of these
dimensions.
Additional Resources Additional Resources
http://4akr4adsystems.c4m/twt/s4Iving.htm#SineLaw
http://4akr4adsystems.c4m/twt/s4Iving.htm#Detective
Web Links:
1. 4u are given
a triangIe, ABC,
with angIe
A = 60, angIe
B = 70 and side
a = 11 1t. Find
the measures 41
angIe C and
sides b and c.
2. You are given
a triangle, ABC,
with angle
C 120, angle
B 45 and side
a 32 in. Find
the measures oI
angle A and
sides b and c.

Law Sines N

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