DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRAPRADESH

Name : D.V.Ramana
Designation : Lecturer/ECE
Branch : ECE
Institute : GMRPolytechnic,Rajahmundry,E.G Dist
Year/semester : III
Subject : circuit theory
Subject code : EC-303
Major topic : Resonance and coupled circuits
Sub-topic : parallel RLL-RC-C circuit
Duration : 50min
Teaching aids : PPT,circuit diagrams, graphs
EC – 303 . 64 1
In this class we are going to discuss

• Resonance in parallel RLL-RCC circuit.

• Impedance and current in parallel RLL-RCC

circuit under resonance.

• Conditions for resonance at all frequencies.

EC – 303 . 64 2
Objectives

On completion of this period , you would be able to

• understand the condition for resonance in

• Parallel RLL-RCC circuit.

• Derive the expression for resonant frequency .

• Understand the conditions for resonance at all

frequencies.

EC – 303 . 64 3
 PARALLEL RL-C CIRCUIT

Q) How do you form a parallel ‘RLL-RCC’ circuit ?

By connecting an RC –C branch in parallel with an

RL-L as shown

EC – 303 . 64 4
Q) When do you say parallel ‘RLL-RCC ‘ circuit

is in resonance ?

• When the susceptance part of its admittance

is zero.

• The frequency of excitation at which the

susceptance part of admittance is 0 is known

as resonant frequency f0 .
EC – 303 . 64 5
Q) Now how to find the resonant frequency ?

Step1 : Find the expression for admittance of the circuit.

Step2 : Equate the susceptance part of it to zero.

Step3 : Solve for frequency which is nothing but resonant

frequency.

EC – 303 . 64 6
 Now execute these steps to find
resonant frequency

Admittance of RC-C branch

1 RC + jX C
YC = = 2
RC − jX C RC + X C
2

1
where XC = Y(Admittance)
ωC (1)

EC – 303 . 64 7
Admittance of RL-L branch

1 RL − jX L
YL = = (3)
RL + jX L RL2 + X L2

where X L = ωL

EC – 303 . 64 8
 Now the total admittance ‘y’

Y = YL + YC

=
+

RL RC  XC XL 
= 2 + 2 + j 2 − 2 2
(4)
RL + X L RC + X C
2 2
 RC + X C RL + X L 
2

EC – 303 . 64 9
• Real part in the above eq. is the conductance.

• Imaginary part is the susceptance.

Q) What do you do to find the resonant frequency ?

EC – 303 . 64 10
Equate susceptance part to zero to
find the resonant frequency

XC XL
⇒ 2 − = 0
RC + X C RL + X L
2 2 2

XC XL
⇒ 2 =
RC + X C RL + X L
2 2 2 (5)

EC – 303 . 64 11
 1
Substitute X L = ωL X =
and C ωC
and replace with And solve for

1
ω0 c ω0 L
= 2
1 RL +(ω0 L )
2
R + 2

(ω0C ) 2
C

Solving for
L
R −
2
1 L
C rad / sec
ω0 = (6)
LC L
RC −
2

C ω0 = 2πf 0
EC – 303 . 64 12
 L
RL2 −
1 C rad / sec
⇒ f0 =
2π LC R 2 − L
C
C
Therefore resonant frequency paralle ‘RLL-RCC’
circuit is

L
R −
2
1 L
C rad / sec
f0 = (7)
2π LC L
RC −
2

EC – 303 . 64 13
 Condition for the parallel ‘RLL-RCC ‘
circuit to have a resonant frequency

L
R −2
1 L
C rad / sec
f0 =
2π LC L
RC −
2

L L
• What will happen when R <
2
L or RC2 < ?
C C
• Resonant frequency will become imaginary.
• But frequency must be real and positive.

EC – 303 . 64 14
Q) Therefore the circuit to have a resonant frequency
how should be the component values ?

• component values should be such that.

L L
R >
2
L and R >
2
C
C C

• Otherwise f0 will become imaginary.

EC – 303 . 64 15
IMPEDANCE AT RESONANT FREQUENCY

Admittance of the circuit from Eq.1

Y0

• At resonant frequency susceptance part is zero.

Y0

EC – 303 . 64 16
• Impedance is reciprocal of admittance
Impedance of parallel ‘RLL-RCC ‘ circuit at

resonant frequency .

I
Z0 =
RL RC
∴ + 2
RL + X L RC + X C2
2 2

EC – 303 . 64 17
 CURRENT IN THE CIRCUIT UNDER
RESONANCE

• Applied voltage = v
I
• Impedance at f0 Z 0 =
RL RC
+ 2
RL + X L RC + X C2
2 2

Q) Now what is the current at resonant

frequency ?
v  RL RC 
I0 = = v 2 + 2 2 
Z0 R
 L + X 2
L RC + X C 

EC – 303 . 64 18
Conditions for resonant at all frequencies

• When RL=RC= L C impedance of the circuit

Z=R.
• This means impedance or admittance of the
circuit purely resistive or conductive respectively.

Therefore RL=RC= L C is the condition for

‘ RLL-RCC’ circuit to be resonant at all frequencies

19
EC – 303 . 64
VARIATION OF IMPEDANCE WITH FREQUENCY

Impedance Z0

Z=RC at
• Impedance decreases Z=RL at f=0 f=infinite
as frequency deviates

from f0
XC>XL foX >X
L C
frequency

EC – 303 . 64 20
 Power factor of parallel ‘RLL-RCC ‘circuit under
resonance
• Impedance /admittance of parallel resonant circuit

Under resonance is pure resistive/conductive.

• So the voltage and current are in phase.

• Cosine of angle between voltage and current is

known as power factor.

EC – 303 . 64 21
Q) Now what is the power factor of an parallel
‘RLL-RCC ‘ circuit ?

Power factor = cos ϕ = cos(0) = 1

EC – 303 . 64 22
 summary

• L RL-C RC circuit formed by connecting an C

RC branch and an L RL branch in parallel.

L
RL2 −
• Resonant frequency of thef circuit
=
1 is C rad / sec
0
2π LC L
RC2 −
C

• Impedance is maximum at f0.

EC – 303 . 64 23
• Impedance decreases as frequency deviates from f0.

• Current in the circuit is minimum at f0.

• Current increases as frequency deviates from f0.

LC
• RL=RC= is the condition for the circuit to be

resonant at all frequencies.

EC – 303 . 64 24
 Quiz
1) Resonant frequency of an L RL-C RC circuit
depends on

a) only L value

b) L and C values

c) RL,RC,L and C values

d) none

Ans : ( c )
EC – 303 . 64 25
 2) What is impedance of an L RL-C RC circuit at

frequency f=0?
a) 0 ohms

b) Infinite ohms

c) RL

d) none of the above

Ans : ( c )

EC – 303 . 64 26
 3) Condition for the L RL-C RC circuit to be

resonant at all frequencies is

a)
RL = RC = L C
b) XL=XC

c) RL=RC

d) none of the above

Ans : ( a )

EC – 303 . 64 27
 4) How would be the current in parallel

L RL-C RC circuit at resonant frequency ?

a) Minimum

b) maximum

c) zero

d) none of the above

Ans : ( a )

EC – 303 . 64 28
 Frequently asked questions

1. Draw the circuit and derive the expression for resonant

frequency of parallel L RL-C RC circuit ?

2. With neat graph explain how impedance of parallel L RL-C RC

circuit vary with frequency ?

3. Derive the expressions for impedance and current of parallel L

RL-C RC circuit under resonance ?

4. Obtain the condition to make L RL-C RC circuit resonant at all

frequencies. EC – 303 . 64 29